optimize: use v8::Script::compile to run script directly in op_import

optimize: avoid using #[serde] in ops
optimize: generate shorter code
2026-02-19 19:58:02 +08:00 · 2026-02-19 19:11:56 +08:00 · 2026-02-19 17:16:35 +08:00 · 2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00 · 2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00 · 2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00
24 changed files with 599 additions and 506 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -7,3 +7,6 @@ flamegraph*.svg
 perf.data*
 profile.json.gz
 prof.json
+*.cpuprofile
+*.cpuprofile.gz
+*v8.log*
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1986,7 +1986,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "nix-compat"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.snix.dev/snix/snix.git#db30e92b30e18ca4d813206ac1b60d1f670adb8c"
+source = "git+https://git.snix.dev/snix/snix.git#1b37f68842a7e5e226d9dc009e9a90d400c5fb14"
 dependencies = [
 "bitflags",
 "bstr",
@@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "nix-compat-derive"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.snix.dev/snix/snix.git#db30e92b30e18ca4d813206ac1b60d1f670adb8c"
+source = "git+https://git.snix.dev/snix/snix.git#1b37f68842a7e5e226d9dc009e9a90d400c5fb14"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
@@ -3271,9 +3271,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "syn-match"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "783c4140d7ed89f37116e865b49e5a9fdd28608b9071a9dd1e158b50fc0a31fc"
+checksum = "54b8f0a9004d6aafa6a588602a1119e6cdaacec9921aa1605383e6e7d6258fd6"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
--- a/8
+++ b/8
@@ -21,3 +21,11 @@
 [no-exit-message]
@evali expr:
  cargo run --release --features inspector -- --inspect-brk 127.0.0.1:9229 eval --expr '{{expr}}'
+
+[no-exit-message]
+@replp:
+  cargo run --release --features prof -- repl
+
+[no-exit-message]
+@evalp expr:
+  cargo run --release --features prof -- eval --expr '{{expr}}'
--- a/nix-js/Cargo.toml
+++ b/nix-js/Cargo.toml
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"], optional = true }

 [features]
 inspector = ["dep:fastwebsockets", "dep:hyper", "dep:hyper-util", "dep:http-body-util", "dep:http", "dep:uuid"]
+prof = []

 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { version = "0.8", features = ["html_reports"] }
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/attrs.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/attrs.ts
@@ -154,6 +154,6 @@ export const unsafeGetAttrPos =
      return null;
    }

-    const span = positions.get(name) as string;
+    const span = positions.get(name) as number;
    return mkPos(span);
  };
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/conversion.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/conversion.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@
 * Conversion and serialization builtin functions
 */

-import { addBuiltContext, mkStringWithContext, type NixStringContext } from "../string-context";
+import {
+  addBuiltContext,
+  mkStringWithContext,
+  type NixStringContext,
+  StringWithContext,
+} from "../string-context";
 import { force, isThunk } from "../thunk";
 import { forceFunction, forceStringNoCtx } from "../type-assert";
 import type { NixString, NixValue } from "../types";
-import { HAS_CONTEXT, IS_PATH, isNixPath, isStringWithContext } from "../types";
+import { isNixPath, isStringWithContext, NixPath } from "../types";
 import { isAttrs, isPath, typeOf } from "./type-check";

 export const fromJSON = (e: NixValue): NixValue => {
@@ -306,13 +311,13 @@ export const nixValueToJson = (
  if (typeof v === "number") return v;
  if (typeof v === "boolean") return v;
  if (typeof v === "string") return v;
-  if (typeof v === "object" && HAS_CONTEXT in v) {
+  if (v instanceof StringWithContext) {
    for (const elem of v.context) {
      outContext.add(elem);
    }
    return v.value;
  }
-  if (typeof v === "object" && IS_PATH in v) {
+  if (v instanceof NixPath) {
    if (copyToStore) {
      const storePath = Deno.core.ops.op_copy_path_to_store(v.value);
      outContext.add(storePath);
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/derivation.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/derivation.ts
@@ -377,16 +377,16 @@ export const derivationStrict = (args: NixValue): NixAttrs => {
  const rustResult: {
    drvPath: string;
    outputs: [string, string][];
-  } = Deno.core.ops.op_finalize_derivation({
-    name: drvName,
+  } = Deno.core.ops.op_finalize_derivation(
+    drvName,
    builder,
    platform,
    outputs,
-    args: drvArgs,
-    env: envEntries,
-    context: contextArray,
-    fixedOutput: fixedOutputInfo,
-  });
+    drvArgs,
+    envEntries,
+    contextArray,
+    fixedOutputInfo,
+  );

  const result: NixAttrs = new Map();

--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/hash.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/hash.ts
@@ -30,9 +30,5 @@ export const convertHash = (args: NixValue): string => {

  const toHashFormat = forceStringNoCtx(select(attrs, ["toHashFormat"]));

-  return Deno.core.ops.op_convert_hash({
-    hash,
-    hashAlgo,
-    toHashFormat,
-  });
+  return Deno.core.ops.op_convert_hash(hash, hashAlgo, toHashFormat);
 };
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/io.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/builtins/io.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import {
  forceStringNoCtx,
  forceStringValue,
 } from "../type-assert";
-import type { NixAttrs, NixPath, NixString, NixValue } from "../types";
-import { CatchableError, IS_PATH, isNixPath } from "../types";
+import type { NixAttrs, NixString, NixValue } from "../types";
+import { CatchableError, isNixPath, NixPath } from "../types";
 import { coerceToPath, coerceToString, StringCoercionMode } from "./conversion";
 import { baseNameOf } from "./path";
 import { isAttrs, isPath, isString } from "./type-check";
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ export const importFunc = (path: NixValue): NixValue => {
    return cached;
  }

-  const code = Deno.core.ops.op_import(pathStr);
-  const result = Function(`return (${code})`)();
+  const result = Deno.core.ops.op_import(pathStr);

  importCache.set(pathStr, result);
  return result;
@@ -85,24 +84,24 @@ export const fetchClosure = (_args: NixValue): never => {
 };

 export interface FetchUrlResult {
-  store_path: string;
+  storePath: string;
  hash: string;
 }

 export interface FetchTarballResult {
-  store_path: string;
-  nar_hash: string;
+  storePath: string;
+  narHash: string;
 }

 export interface FetchGitResult {
-  out_path: string;
+  outPath: string;
  rev: string;
-  short_rev: string;
-  rev_count: number;
-  last_modified: number;
-  last_modified_date: string;
+  shortRev: string;
+  revCount: number;
+  lastModified: number;
+  lastModifiedDate: string;
  submodules: boolean;
-  nar_hash: string | null;
+  narHash: string | null;
 }

 const normalizeUrlInput = (
@@ -154,16 +153,16 @@ export const fetchurl = (args: NixValue): NixString => {
    executable ?? false,
  );
  const context: NixStringContext = new Set();
-  addOpaqueContext(context, result.store_path);
-  return mkStringWithContext(result.store_path, context);
+  addOpaqueContext(context, result.storePath);
+  return mkStringWithContext(result.storePath, context);
 };

 export const fetchTarball = (args: NixValue): NixString => {
  const { url, name, sha256 } = normalizeTarballInput(args);
  const result: FetchTarballResult = Deno.core.ops.op_fetch_tarball(url, name ?? null, sha256 ?? null);
  const context: NixStringContext = new Set();
-  addOpaqueContext(context, result.store_path);
-  return mkStringWithContext(result.store_path, context);
+  addOpaqueContext(context, result.storePath);
+  return mkStringWithContext(result.storePath, context);
 };

 export const fetchGit = (args: NixValue): NixAttrs => {
@@ -173,16 +172,16 @@ export const fetchGit = (args: NixValue): NixAttrs => {
    const url = coerceToString(forced, StringCoercionMode.Base, false, disposedContext);
    const result = Deno.core.ops.op_fetch_git(url, null, null, false, false, false, null);
    const outContext: NixStringContext = new Set();
-    addOpaqueContext(outContext, result.out_path);
+    addOpaqueContext(outContext, result.outPath);
    return new Map<string, NixValue>([
-      ["outPath", mkStringWithContext(result.out_path, outContext)],
+      ["outPath", mkStringWithContext(result.outPath, outContext)],
      ["rev", result.rev],
-      ["shortRev", result.short_rev],
-      ["revCount", BigInt(result.rev_count)],
-      ["lastModified", BigInt(result.last_modified)],
-      ["lastModifiedDate", result.last_modified_date],
+      ["shortRev", result.shortRev],
+      ["revCount", BigInt(result.revCount)],
+      ["lastModified", BigInt(result.lastModified)],
+      ["lastModifiedDate", result.lastModifiedDate],
      ["submodules", result.submodules],
-      ["narHash", result.nar_hash],
+      ["narHash", result.narHash],
    ]);
  }
  const attrs = forceAttrs(args);
@@ -205,16 +204,16 @@ export const fetchGit = (args: NixValue): NixAttrs => {
  );

  const outContext: NixStringContext = new Set();
-  addOpaqueContext(outContext, result.out_path);
+  addOpaqueContext(outContext, result.outPath);
  return new Map<string, NixValue>([
-    ["outPath", mkStringWithContext(result.out_path, outContext)],
+    ["outPath", mkStringWithContext(result.outPath, outContext)],
    ["rev", result.rev],
-    ["shortRev", result.short_rev],
-    ["revCount", BigInt(result.rev_count)],
-    ["lastModified", BigInt(result.last_modified)],
-    ["lastModifiedDate", result.last_modified_date],
+    ["shortRev", result.shortRev],
+    ["revCount", BigInt(result.revCount)],
+    ["lastModified", BigInt(result.lastModified)],
+    ["lastModifiedDate", result.lastModifiedDate],
    ["submodules", result.submodules],
-    ["narHash", result.nar_hash],
+    ["narHash", result.narHash],
  ]);
 };

@@ -307,12 +306,7 @@ const autoDetectAndFetch = (attrs: NixAttrs): NixAttrs => {

 export const readDir = (path: NixValue): NixAttrs => {
  const pathStr = realisePath(path);
-  const entries: Record<string, string> = Deno.core.ops.op_read_dir(pathStr);
-  const result: NixAttrs = new Map();
-  for (const [name, type] of Object.entries(entries)) {
-    result.set(name, type);
-  }
-  return result;
+  return Deno.core.ops.op_read_dir(pathStr);
 };

 export const readFile = (path: NixValue): string => {
@@ -475,13 +469,13 @@ export const findFile =
        suffix.length > 0 ? Deno.core.ops.op_resolve_path(suffix, resolvedPath) : resolvedPath;

      if (Deno.core.ops.op_path_exists(candidatePath)) {
-        return { [IS_PATH]: true, value: candidatePath };
+        return new NixPath(candidatePath);
      }
    }

    if (lookupPathStr.startsWith("nix/")) {
      // FIXME: special path type
-      return { [IS_PATH]: true, value: `<${lookupPathStr}>` };
+      return new NixPath(`<${lookupPathStr}>`);
    }

    throw new CatchableError(`file '${lookupPathStr}' was not found in the Nix search path`);
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/helpers.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/helpers.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type { NixAttrs, NixBool, NixPath, NixString, NixValue } from "./types";
 import { CatchableError, isNixPath } from "./types";

 interface StackFrame {
-  span: string;
+  span: number;
  message: string;
 }

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function enrichError(error: unknown): Error {
  return err;
 }

-const pushContext = (message: string, span: string): void => {
+const pushContext = (message: string, span: number): void => {
  if (callStack.length >= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
    callStack.shift();
  }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const popContext = (): void => {
  callStack.pop();
 };

-export const withContext = <T>(message: string, span: string, fn: () => T): T => {
+export const withContext = <T>(message: string, span: number, fn: () => T): T => {
  pushContext(message, span);
  try {
    return fn();
@@ -142,19 +142,22 @@ export const resolvePath = (currentDir: string, path: NixValue): NixPath => {
  return mkPath(resolved);
 };

-export const select = (obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[], span?: string): NixValue => {
-  if (span) {
-    const pathStrings = attrpath.map((a) => forceStringValue(a));
-    const path = pathStrings.join(".");
-    const message = path ? `while selecting attribute [${path}]` : "while selecting attribute";
-
+export const select = (obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[], span?: number): NixValue => {
+  if (span !== undefined) {
    if (callStack.length >= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
      callStack.shift();
    }
-    callStack.push({ span, message });
+    const frame: StackFrame = { span, message: "while selecting attribute" };
+    callStack.push(frame);
    try {
      return selectImpl(obj, attrpath);
    } catch (error) {
+      try {
+        const path = attrpath.map((a) => forceStringValue(a)).join(".");
+        if (path) frame.message = `while selecting attribute [${path}]`;
+      } catch {
+        throw enrichError(error);
+      }
      throw enrichError(error);
    } finally {
      callStack.pop();
@@ -167,8 +170,8 @@ export const select = (obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[], span?: string): NixV
 function selectImpl(obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[]): NixValue {
  let attrs = forceAttrs(obj);

-  for (const attr of attrpath.slice(0, -1)) {
-    const key = forceStringValue(attr);
+  for (let i = 0; i < attrpath.length - 1; i++) {
+    const key = forceStringValue(attrpath[i]);
    if (!attrs.has(key)) {
      throw new Error(`Attribute '${key}' not found`);
    }
@@ -187,20 +190,23 @@ export const selectWithDefault = (
  obj: NixValue,
  attrpath: NixValue[],
  defaultVal: NixValue,
-  span?: string,
+  span?: number,
 ): NixValue => {
-  if (span) {
-    const pathStrings = attrpath.map((a) => forceStringValue(a));
-    const path = pathStrings.join(".");
-    const message = path ? `while selecting attribute [${path}]` : "while selecting attribute";
-
+  if (span !== undefined) {
    if (callStack.length >= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
      callStack.shift();
    }
-    callStack.push({ span, message });
+    const frame: StackFrame = { span, message: "while selecting attribute" };
+    callStack.push(frame);
    try {
      return selectWithDefaultImpl(obj, attrpath, defaultVal);
    } catch (error) {
+      try {
+        const path = attrpath.map((a) => forceStringValue(a)).join(".");
+        if (path) frame.message = `while selecting attribute [${path}]`;
+      } catch {
+        throw enrichError(error);
+      }
      throw enrichError(error);
    } finally {
      callStack.pop();
@@ -216,8 +222,8 @@ function selectWithDefaultImpl(obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[], defaultVal:
    return defaultVal;
  }

-  for (const attr of attrpath.slice(0, -1)) {
-    const key = forceStringValue(attr);
+  for (let i = 0; i < attrpath.length - 1; i++) {
+    const key = forceStringValue(attrpath[i]);
    if (!attrs.has(key)) {
      return defaultVal;
    }
@@ -242,8 +248,8 @@ export const hasAttr = (obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[]): NixBool => {
  }
  let attrs = forced;

-  for (const attr of attrpath.slice(0, -1)) {
-    const key = forceStringNoCtx(attr);
+  for (let i = 0; i < attrpath.length - 1; i++) {
+    const key = forceStringNoCtx(attrpath[i]);
    if (!attrs.has(key)) {
      return false;
    }
@@ -257,8 +263,8 @@ export const hasAttr = (obj: NixValue, attrpath: NixValue[]): NixBool => {
  return attrs.has(forceStringValue(attrpath[attrpath.length - 1]));
 };

-export const call = (func: NixValue, arg: NixValue, span?: string): NixValue => {
-  if (span) {
+export const call = (func: NixValue, arg: NixValue, span?: number): NixValue => {
+  if (span !== undefined) {
    if (callStack.length >= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
      callStack.shift();
    }
@@ -276,19 +282,19 @@ export const call = (func: NixValue, arg: NixValue, span?: string): NixValue =>
 };

 function callImpl(func: NixValue, arg: NixValue): NixValue {
-  const forcedFunc = force(func);
-  if (typeof forcedFunc === "function") {
-    forcedFunc.args?.check(arg);
-    return forcedFunc(arg);
+  const forced = force(func);
+  if (typeof forced === "function") {
+    forced.args?.check(arg);
+    return forced(arg);
  }
-  if (forcedFunc instanceof Map && forcedFunc.has("__functor")) {
-    const functor = forceFunction(forcedFunc.get("__functor") as NixValue);
-    return call(functor(forcedFunc), arg);
+  if (forced instanceof Map && forced.has("__functor")) {
+    const functor = forceFunction(forced.get("__functor") as NixValue);
+    return call(callImpl(functor, forced), arg);
  }
-  throw new Error(`attempt to call something which is not a function but ${typeOf(forcedFunc)}`);
+  throw new Error(`attempt to call something which is not a function but ${typeOf(forced)}`);
 }

-export const assert = (assertion: NixValue, expr: NixValue, assertionRaw: string, span: string): NixValue => {
+export const assert = (assertion: NixValue, expr: NixValue, assertionRaw: string, span: number): NixValue => {
  if (forceBool(assertion)) {
    return expr;
  }
@@ -298,15 +304,8 @@ export const assert = (assertion: NixValue, expr: NixValue, assertionRaw: string
  throw "unreachable";
 };

-export const ifFunc = (cond: NixValue, consq: NixValue, alter: NixValue) => {
-  if (forceBool(cond)) {
-    return consq;
-  }
-  return alter;
-};
-
-export const mkPos = (span: string): NixAttrs => {
-  return new Map(Object.entries(Deno.core.ops.op_decode_span(span)));
+export const mkPos = (span: number): NixAttrs => {
+  return Deno.core.ops.op_decode_span(span);
 };

 interface WithScope {
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/index.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/index.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 */

 import { builtins, PRIMOP_METADATA } from "./builtins";
-import { coerceToString, StringCoercionMode } from "./builtins/conversion";
 import {
  assert,
  call,
@@ -16,40 +15,31 @@ import {
  resolvePath,
  select,
  selectWithDefault,
-  withContext,
 } from "./helpers";
 import { op } from "./operators";
 import { HAS_CONTEXT } from "./string-context";
-import {
-  createThunk,
-  DEBUG_THUNKS,
-  force,
-  forceDeep,
-  forceShallow,
-  IS_CYCLE,
-  IS_THUNK,
-  isThunk,
-} from "./thunk";
+import { createThunk, DEBUG_THUNKS, force, forceDeep, forceShallow, IS_CYCLE, IS_THUNK } from "./thunk";
 import { forceBool } from "./type-assert";
-import { ATTR_POSITIONS, IS_PATH, mkAttrs, mkAttrsWithPos, mkFunction, type NixValue } from "./types";
+import { IS_PATH, mkAttrs, mkFunction, type NixValue } from "./types";

 export type NixRuntime = typeof Nix;

-const replBindings: Map<string, NixValue> = new Map;
+const replBindings: Map<string, NixValue> = new Map();

 export const Nix = {
-  createThunk,
-  force,
-  forceShallow,
-  forceDeep,
-  forceBool,
-  isThunk,
  IS_THUNK,
  IS_CYCLE,
  HAS_CONTEXT,
  IS_PATH,
+  PRIMOP_METADATA,
  DEBUG_THUNKS,

+  createThunk,
+  force,
+  forceBool,
+  forceShallow,
+  forceDeep,
+
  assert,
  call,
  hasAttr,
@@ -57,20 +47,13 @@ export const Nix = {
  selectWithDefault,
  lookupWith,
  resolvePath,
-  coerceToString,
  concatStringsWithContext,
-  StringCoercionMode,
  mkAttrs,
-  mkAttrsWithPos,
  mkFunction,
  mkPos,
-  ATTR_POSITIONS,
-
-  withContext,

  op,
  builtins,
-  PRIMOP_METADATA,

  replBindings,
  setReplBinding: (name: string, value: NixValue) => {
@@ -80,3 +63,29 @@ export const Nix = {
 };

 globalThis.Nix = Nix;
+globalThis.$t = createThunk;
+globalThis.$f = force;
+globalThis.$fb = forceBool;
+globalThis.$a = assert;
+globalThis.$c = call;
+globalThis.$h = hasAttr;
+globalThis.$s = select;
+globalThis.$sd = selectWithDefault;
+globalThis.$l = lookupWith;
+globalThis.$r = resolvePath;
+globalThis.$cs = concatStringsWithContext;
+globalThis.$ma = mkAttrs;
+globalThis.$mf = mkFunction;
+globalThis.$mp = mkPos;
+globalThis.$gb = Nix.getReplBinding;
+
+globalThis.$oa = op.add;
+globalThis.$os = op.sub;
+globalThis.$om = op.mul;
+globalThis.$od = op.div;
+globalThis.$oe = op.eq;
+globalThis.$ol = op.lt;
+globalThis.$og = op.gt;
+globalThis.$oc = op.concat;
+globalThis.$ou = op.update;
+globalThis.$b = builtins;
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/path.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/path.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { IS_PATH, type NixPath } from "./types";
+import { NixPath } from "./types";

 const canonicalizePath = (path: string): string => {
  const parts: string[] = [];
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const canonicalizePath = (path: string): string => {
 };

 export const mkPath = (value: string): NixPath => {
-  return { [IS_PATH]: true, value: canonicalizePath(value) };
+  return new NixPath(canonicalizePath(value));
 };

 export const getPathValue = (p: NixPath): string => {
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/string-context.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/string-context.ts
@@ -22,18 +22,22 @@ export type StringContextElem = StringContextOpaque | StringContextDrvDeep | Str

 export type NixStringContext = Set<string>;

-export interface StringWithContext {
-  readonly [HAS_CONTEXT]: true;
+export class StringWithContext {
+  readonly [HAS_CONTEXT] = true as const;
  value: string;
  context: NixStringContext;
+  constructor(value: string, context: NixStringContext) {
+    this.value = value;
+    this.context = context;
+  }
 }

 export const isStringWithContext = (v: NixStrictValue): v is StringWithContext => {
-  return typeof v === "object" && v !== null && HAS_CONTEXT in v;
+  return v instanceof StringWithContext;
 };

 export const mkStringWithContext = (value: string, context: NixStringContext): StringWithContext => {
-  return { [HAS_CONTEXT]: true, value, context };
+  return new StringWithContext(value, context);
 };

 export const mkPlainString = (value: string): string => value;
@@ -45,11 +49,12 @@ export const getStringValue = (s: string | StringWithContext): string => {
  return s;
 };

+const emptyContext: NixStringContext = new Set();
 export const getStringContext = (s: string | StringWithContext): NixStringContext => {
  if (isStringWithContext(s)) {
    return s.context;
  }
-  return new Set();
+  return emptyContext;
 };

 export const mergeContexts = (...contexts: NixStringContext[]): NixStringContext => {
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/thunk.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/thunk.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { isAttrs, isList } from "./builtins/type-check";
-import { HAS_CONTEXT } from "./string-context";
-import type { NixAttrs, NixStrictValue, NixThunkInterface, NixValue } from "./types";
-import { IS_PATH } from "./types";
+import { StringWithContext } from "./string-context";
+import type { NixAttrs, NixStrictValue, NixValue } from "./types";
+import { NixPath } from "./types";

 export const IS_THUNK = Symbol("is_thunk");

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ export const DEBUG_THUNKS = { enabled: true };
 * - Evaluating (blackhole): func is undefined, result is undefined
 * - Evaluated: func is undefined, result is defined
 */
-export class NixThunk implements NixThunkInterface {
-  [key: symbol]: unknown;
+export class NixThunk {
  readonly [IS_THUNK] = true as const;
  func: (() => NixValue) | undefined;
  result: NixStrictValue | undefined;
@@ -42,8 +41,8 @@ export class NixThunk implements NixThunkInterface {
  }
 }

-export const isThunk = (value: NixValue): value is NixThunkInterface => {
-  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && IS_THUNK in value && value[IS_THUNK] === true;
+export const isThunk = (value: NixValue): value is NixThunk => {
+  return value instanceof NixThunk;
 };

 /**
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ export const force = (value: NixValue): NixStrictValue => {
  }
 };

-export const createThunk = (func: () => NixValue, label?: string): NixThunkInterface => {
+export const createThunk = (func: () => NixValue, label?: string): NixThunk => {
  return new NixThunk(func, label);
 };

@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ export const forceDeep = (value: NixValue, seen: WeakSet<object> = new WeakSet()
    seen.add(forced);
  }

-  if (HAS_CONTEXT in forced || IS_PATH in forced) {
+  if (forced instanceof StringWithContext || forced instanceof NixPath) {
    return forced;
  }

--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/types.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/types.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 import { HAS_CONTEXT, isStringWithContext, type StringWithContext } from "./string-context";
-import { type CYCLE_MARKER, force, IS_THUNK } from "./thunk";
+import { type CYCLE_MARKER, force, type NixThunk } from "./thunk";
 import { forceAttrs, forceStringNoCtx } from "./type-assert";
 export { HAS_CONTEXT, isStringWithContext };
 export type { StringWithContext };

 export const IS_PATH = Symbol("IS_PATH");

-export interface NixPath {
-  readonly [IS_PATH]: true;
+export class NixPath {
+  readonly [IS_PATH] = true as const;
  value: string;
+  constructor(value: string) {
+    this.value = value;
+  }
 }

 export const isNixPath = (v: NixStrictValue): v is NixPath => {
-  return typeof v === "object" && v !== null && IS_PATH in v;
+  return v instanceof NixPath;
 };

 export type NixInt = bigint;
@@ -24,18 +27,18 @@ export type NixNull = null;

 export const ATTR_POSITIONS = Symbol("attrPositions");
 export type NixList = NixValue[];
-export type NixAttrs = Map<string, NixValue> & { [ATTR_POSITIONS]?: Map<string, string> };
+export type NixAttrs = Map<string, NixValue> & { [ATTR_POSITIONS]?: Map<string, number> };
 export type NixFunction = ((arg: NixValue) => NixValue) & { args?: NixArgs };
 export class NixArgs {
  required: string[];
  optional: string[];
  allowed: Set<string>;
  ellipsis: boolean;
-  positions: Map<string, string>;
-  constructor(required: string[], optional: string[], positions: Record<string, string>, ellipsis: boolean) {
+  positions: Map<string, number>;
+  constructor(required: string[], optional: string[], positions: Map<string, number>, ellipsis: boolean) {
    this.required = required;
    this.optional = optional;
-    this.positions = new Map(Object.entries(positions));
+    this.positions = positions;
    this.ellipsis = ellipsis;
    this.allowed = new Set(required.concat(optional));
  }
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ export const mkFunction = (
  f: (arg: NixValue) => NixValue,
  required: string[],
  optional: string[],
-  positions: Record<string, string>,
+  positions: Map<string, number>,
  ellipsis: boolean,
 ): NixFunction => {
  const func: NixFunction = f;
@@ -69,26 +72,11 @@ export const mkFunction = (
  return func;
 };

-export const mkAttrs = (attrs: NixAttrs, keys: NixValue[], values: NixValue[]): NixAttrs => {
-  const len = keys.length;
-  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    const key = force(keys[i]);
-    if (key === null) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const str = forceStringNoCtx(key);
-    attrs.set(str, values[i]);
-  }
-  return attrs;
-};
-
-export const mkAttrsWithPos = (
-  obj: Record<string, NixValue>,
-  positions: Record<string, string>,
-  dyns?: { dynKeys: NixValue[]; dynVals: NixValue[]; dynSpans: string[] },
+export const mkAttrs = (
+  attrs: NixAttrs,
+  positions: Map<string, number>,
+  dyns?: { dynKeys: NixValue[]; dynVals: NixValue[]; dynSpans: number[] },
 ): NixAttrs => {
-  const attrs: NixAttrs = new Map(Object.entries(obj));
-
  if (dyns) {
    const len = dyns.dynKeys.length;
    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
@@ -98,23 +86,17 @@ export const mkAttrsWithPos = (
      }
      const str = forceStringNoCtx(key);
      attrs.set(str, dyns.dynVals[i]);
-      positions[str] = dyns.dynSpans[i];
+      positions.set(str, dyns.dynSpans[i]);
    }
  }

-  if (Object.keys(positions).length > 0) {
-    attrs[ATTR_POSITIONS] = new Map(Object.entries(positions));
+  if (positions.size > 0) {
+    attrs[ATTR_POSITIONS] = positions;
  }

  return attrs;
 };

-export interface NixThunkInterface {
-  readonly [IS_THUNK]: true;
-  func: (() => NixValue) | undefined;
-  result: NixStrictValue | undefined;
-}
-
 export type NixPrimitive = NixNull | NixBool | NixInt | NixFloat | NixString;
 export type NixValue =
  | NixPrimitive
@@ -122,8 +104,8 @@ export type NixValue =
  | NixList
  | NixAttrs
  | NixFunction
-  | NixThunkInterface
+  | NixThunk
  | typeof CYCLE_MARKER;
-export type NixStrictValue = Exclude<NixValue, NixThunkInterface>;
+export type NixStrictValue = Exclude<NixValue, NixThunk>;

 export class CatchableError extends Error {}
--- a/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/types/global.d.ts
+++ b/nix-js/runtime-ts/src/types/global.d.ts
@@ -1,30 +1,68 @@
 import type { NixRuntime } from "..";
+import type { builtins } from "../builtins";
 import type { FetchGitResult, FetchTarballResult, FetchUrlResult } from "../builtins/io";
+import type {
+  assert,
+  call,
+  concatStringsWithContext,
+  hasAttr,
+  lookupWith,
+  mkPos,
+  resolvePath,
+  select,
+  selectWithDefault,
+} from "../helpers";
+import type { op } from "../operators";
+import type { createThunk, force } from "../thunk";
+import type { forceBool } from "../type-assert";
+import type { mkAttrs, mkFunction, NixAttrs } from "../types";

 declare global {
  var Nix: NixRuntime;
+  var $t: typeof createThunk;
+  var $f: typeof force;
+  var $fb: typeof forceBool;
+  var $a: typeof assert;
+  var $c: typeof call;
+  var $h: typeof hasAttr;
+  var $s: typeof select;
+  var $sd: typeof selectWithDefault;
+  var $l: typeof lookupWith;
+  var $r: typeof resolvePath;
+  var $cs: typeof concatStringsWithContext;
+  var $ma: typeof mkAttrs;
+  var $mf: typeof mkFunction;
+  var $mp: typeof mkPos;
+  var $oa: typeof op.add;
+  var $os: typeof op.sub;
+  var $om: typeof op.mul;
+  var $od: typeof op.div;
+  var $oe: typeof op.eq;
+  var $ol: typeof op.lt;
+  var $og: typeof op.gt;
+  var $oc: typeof op.concat;
+  var $ou: typeof op.update;
+  var $b: typeof builtins;
+  var $gb: typeof Nix.getReplBinding;
+
  namespace Deno {
    namespace core {
      namespace ops {
-        function op_import(path: string): string;
+        function op_import(path: string): NixValue;
        function op_scoped_import(path: string, scopeKeys: string[]): string;

        function op_resolve_path(currentDir: string, path: string): string;

        function op_read_file(path: string): string;
        function op_read_file_type(path: string): string;
-        function op_read_dir(path: string): Record<string, string>;
+        function op_read_dir(path: string): Map<string, string>;
        function op_path_exists(path: string): boolean;
        function op_walk_dir(path: string): [string, string][];

        function op_make_placeholder(output: string): string;
        function op_store_path(path: string): string;

-        function op_convert_hash(input: {
-          hash: string;
-          hashAlgo: string | null;
-          toHashFormat: string;
-        }): string;
+        function op_convert_hash(hash: string, hashAlgo: string | null, toHashFormat: string): string;
        function op_hash_string(algo: string, data: string): string;
        function op_hash_file(algo: string, path: string): string;
        function op_parse_hash(hashStr: string, algo: string | null): { hex: string; algo: string };
@@ -43,11 +81,7 @@ declare global {
          includePaths: string[],
        ): string;

-        function op_decode_span(span: string): {
-          file: string | null;
-          line: number | null;
-          column: number | null;
-        };
+        function op_decode_span(span: number): NixAttrs;

        function op_to_file(name: string, contents: string, references: string[]): string;

@@ -62,16 +96,16 @@ declare global {
        function op_from_toml(toml: string): unknown;
        function op_to_xml(e: NixValue): [string, string[]];

-        function op_finalize_derivation(input: {
-          name: string;
-          builder: string;
-          platform: string;
-          outputs: string[];
-          args: string[];
-          env: [string, string][];
-          context: string[];
-          fixedOutput: { hashAlgo: string; hash: string; hashMode: string } | null;
-        }): { drvPath: string; outputs: [string, string][] };
+        function op_finalize_derivation(
+          name: string,
+          builder: string,
+          platform: string,
+          outputs: string[],
+          args: string[],
+          env: [string, string][],
+          context: string[],
+          fixedOutput: { hashAlgo: string; hash: string; hashMode: string } | null,
+        ): { drvPath: string; outputs: [string, string][] };

        function op_fetch_url(
          url: string,
--- a/nix-js/src/codegen.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/codegen.rs
@@ -31,14 +31,10 @@ pub(crate) fn compile(expr: &Ir, ctx: &impl CodegenContext) -> String {

    code!(&mut buf, ctx; "(()=>{");

-    if std::env::var("NIX_JS_DEBUG_THUNKS").is_ok() {
-        code!(&mut buf, ctx; "Nix.DEBUG_THUNKS.enabled=true;");
-    }
-
    code!(&mut buf, ctx;
-        "const __currentDir="
+        "const _d="
        quoted(&ctx.get_current_dir().display().to_string())
-        ";const __with=null;return "
+        ",_w=null;return "
        expr
        "})()");

@@ -48,16 +44,12 @@ pub(crate) fn compile(expr: &Ir, ctx: &impl CodegenContext) -> String {
 pub(crate) fn compile_scoped(expr: &Ir, ctx: &impl CodegenContext) -> String {
    let mut buf = CodeBuffer::with_capacity(8192);

-    code!(&mut buf, ctx; "((__scope)=>{");
-
-    if std::env::var("NIX_JS_DEBUG_THUNKS").is_ok() {
-        code!(&mut buf, ctx; "Nix.DEBUG_THUNKS.enabled=true;");
-    }
+    code!(&mut buf, ctx; "((_s)=>{");

    code!(&mut buf, ctx;
-        "const __currentDir="
+        "const _d="
        quoted(&ctx.get_current_dir().display().to_string())
-        ";return "
+        ",_w=null;return "
        expr
        "})"
    );
@@ -191,13 +183,7 @@ where

 impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for rnix::TextRange {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
-        code!(
-            buf,
-            "\"{}:{}:{}\"",
-            ctx.get_current_source_id(),
-            usize::from(self.start()),
-            usize::from(self.end())
-        );
+        code!(buf, "{}", ctx.register_span(*self));
    }
 }

@@ -207,7 +193,7 @@ pub(crate) trait CodegenContext {
    fn get_current_dir(&self) -> &Path;
    fn get_store_dir(&self) -> &str;
    fn get_current_source_id(&self) -> usize;
-    fn get_current_source(&self) -> crate::error::Source;
+    fn register_span(&self, range: rnix::TextRange) -> usize;
 }

 impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for ExprId {
@@ -241,7 +227,8 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Ir {
                code!(buf, ctx; quoted(&s.val));
            }
            Ir::Path(p) => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.resolvePath(__currentDir," ctx.get_ir(p.expr) ")");
+                // Nix.resolvePath
+                code!(buf, ctx; "$r(_d," ctx.get_ir(p.expr) ")");
            }
            Ir::If(x) => x.compile(ctx, buf),
            Ir::BinOp(x) => x.compile(ctx, buf),
@@ -259,11 +246,13 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Ir {
                code!(buf, "expr{}", expr_id.0);
            }
            Ir::Builtins(_) => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.builtins");
+                // Nix.builtins
+                code!(buf, ctx; "$b");
            }
            &Ir::Builtin(Builtin { inner: name, .. }) => {
+                // Nix.builtins
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.builtins.get("
+                    "$b.get("
                        ctx.get_sym(name)
                    ")"
                );
@@ -276,15 +265,13 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Ir {
                ref assertion_raw,
                span: assert_span,
            }) => {
-                let assertion_ir = ctx.get_ir(assertion);
-                let assertion_span = assertion_ir.span();
+                let assertion = ctx.get_ir(assertion);

+                // Nix.assert
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.assert(Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the condition of the assert statement\","
-                    assertion_span
-                    ",()=>("
-                    assertion_ir
-                    ")),"
+                    "$a("
+                        assertion
+                        ","
                        ctx.get_ir(expr)
                        ","
                        quoted(assertion_raw)
@@ -294,32 +281,35 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Ir {
                );
            }
            Ir::CurPos(cur_pos) => {
+                // Nix.mkPos
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.mkPos("
+                    "$mp("
                        cur_pos.span
                    ")"
                );
            }
            &Ir::ReplBinding(ReplBinding { inner: name, .. }) => {
+                // Nix.getReplBinding
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.getReplBinding("
+                    "$gb("
                    ctx.get_sym(name)
                    ")"
                );
            }
            &Ir::ScopedImportBinding(ScopedImportBinding { inner: name, .. }) => {
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "__scope.get("
+                    "_s.get("
                    ctx.get_sym(name)
                    ")"
                );
            }
            Ir::WithExpr(x) => x.compile(ctx, buf),
            &Ir::WithLookup(WithLookup { inner: name, .. }) => {
+                // Nix.lookupWith
                code!(buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.lookupWith("
+                    "$l("
                    ctx.get_sym(name)
-                    ",__with)"
+                    ",_w)"
                );
            }
        }
@@ -334,13 +324,10 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for If {
            alter,
            span: _,
        } = self;
-        let cond_ir = ctx.get_ir(cond);
-        let cond_span = cond_ir.span();
+        let cond = ctx.get_ir(cond);

-        code!(buf, ctx;
-            "(Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating a branch condition\"," cond_span ",()=>Nix.forceBool(" cond_ir ")))"
-            "?(" consq "):(" alter ")"
-        );
+        // Nix.forceBool
+        code!(buf, ctx; "$fb(" cond ")?(" consq "):(" alter ")");
    }
 }

@@ -353,65 +340,50 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for BinOp {

        match self.kind {
            Add | Sub | Mul | Div | Eq | Neq | Lt | Gt | Leq | Geq | Con | Upd => {
-                let op_name = match self.kind {
-                    Add => "+",
-                    Sub => "-",
-                    Mul => "*",
-                    Div => "/",
-                    Eq => "==",
-                    Neq => "!=",
-                    Lt => "<",
-                    Gt => ">",
-                    Leq => "<=",
-                    Geq => ">=",
-                    Con => "++",
-                    Upd => "//",
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                };
                let op_func = match self.kind {
-                    Add => "Nix.op.add",
-                    Sub => "Nix.op.sub",
-                    Mul => "Nix.op.mul",
-                    Div => "Nix.op.div",
-                    Eq => "Nix.op.eq",
-                    Neq => "Nix.op.neq",
-                    Lt => "Nix.op.lt",
-                    Gt => "Nix.op.gt",
-                    Leq => "Nix.op.lte",
-                    Geq => "Nix.op.gte",
-                    Con => "Nix.op.concat",
-                    Upd => "Nix.op.update",
+                    Add => "$oa",
+                    Sub => "$os",
+                    Mul => "$om",
+                    Div => "$od",
+                    Eq => "$oe",
+                    Neq => "!$oe",
+                    Lt => "$ol",
+                    Gt => "$og",
+                    Leq => "!$og",
+                    Geq => "!$ol",
+                    Con => "$oc",
+                    Upd => "$ou",
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                };

                code!(
                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the " op_name " operator\"," self.span ",()=>(" op_func "(" lhs "," rhs ")))"
+                    op_func "(" lhs "," rhs ")"
                );
            }
            And => {
                code!(
                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the && operator\"," self.span ",()=>(Nix.forceBool(" lhs ")&&Nix.forceBool(" rhs ")))"
+                    "$fb(" lhs ")" "&&" "$fb(" rhs ")"
                );
            }
            Or => {
                code!(
                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the || operator\"," self.span ",()=>(Nix.forceBool(" lhs ")||Nix.forceBool(" rhs ")))"
+                    "$fb(" lhs ")" "||" "$fb(" rhs ")"
                );
            }
            Impl => {
                code!(
                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the -> operator\"," self.span ",()=>(!Nix.forceBool(" lhs ")||Nix.forceBool(" rhs ")))"
+                    "!$fb(" lhs ")" "||" "$fb(" rhs ")"
                );
            }
            PipeL => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.call(" rhs "," lhs ")");
+                code!(buf, ctx; "$c(" rhs "," lhs ")");
            }
            PipeR => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.call(" lhs "," rhs ")");
+                code!(buf, ctx; "$c(" lhs "," rhs ")");
            }
        }
    }
@@ -423,10 +395,10 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for UnOp {
        let rhs = ctx.get_ir(self.rhs);
        match self.kind {
            Neg => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.op.sub(0n," rhs ")");
+                code!(buf, ctx; "$os(0n," rhs ")");
            }
            Not => {
-                code!(buf, ctx; "Nix.op.bnot(" ctx.get_ir(self.rhs) ")");
+                code!(buf, ctx; "!$fb(" ctx.get_ir(self.rhs) ")");
            }
        }
    }
@@ -444,7 +416,7 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Func {
            ellipsis,
        }) = &self.param
        {
-            code!(buf, "Nix.mkFunction(arg{}=>", id);
+            code!(buf, "$mf(arg{}=>", id);
            if has_thunks {
                code!(buf, ctx; "{" self.thunks "return " self.body "}");
            } else {
@@ -459,11 +431,11 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Func {
                joined(optional.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, &(sym, _)| {
                    code!(buf, ctx; ctx.get_sym(sym));
                })
-                "],{"
+                "],new Map(["
                joined(required.iter().chain(optional.iter()), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, &(sym, span)| {
-                    code!(buf, ctx; ctx.get_sym(sym) ":" span);
+                    code!(buf, ctx; "[" ctx.get_sym(sym) "," span "]");
                })
-                "},"
+                "]),"
                ellipsis
                ")"
            );
@@ -481,7 +453,7 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Func {
 impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Call {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        code!(buf, ctx;
-            "Nix.call("
+            "$c("
                ctx.get_ir(self.func)
                ","
                ctx.get_ir(self.arg)
@@ -500,16 +472,10 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for [(ExprId, ExprId)] {

        for &(slot, inner) in self {
            let inner_ir = ctx.get_ir(inner);
-            let inner_span = inner_ir.span();
-
            code!(
                buf, ctx;
-                "let expr" slot.0 "=Nix.createThunk(()=>(" inner_ir "),"
-                "\"expr" slot.0 " "
-                ctx.get_current_source().get_name() ":"
-                usize::from(inner_span.start()) ":"
-                usize::from(inner_span.end())
-                "\");"
+                "let expr" slot.0 "=$t(()=>(" inner_ir "),"
+                "\"expr" slot.0  "\");"
            );
        }
    }
@@ -532,9 +498,9 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for WithExpr {
        let body = ctx.get_ir(self.body);
        let has_thunks = !self.thunks.is_empty();
        if has_thunks {
-            code!(buf, ctx; "((__with)=>{" self.thunks "return " body "})({env:" namespace ",last:__with})");
+            code!(buf, ctx; "((_w)=>{" self.thunks "return " body "})({env:" namespace ",last:_w})");
        } else {
-            code!(buf, ctx; "((__with)=>(" body "))({env:" namespace ",last:__with})");
+            code!(buf, ctx; "((_w)=>(" body "))({env:" namespace ",last:_w})");
        }
    }
 }
@@ -543,7 +509,7 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Select {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        if let Some(default) = self.default {
            code!(buf, ctx;
-                "Nix.selectWithDefault("
+                "$sd("
                ctx.get_ir(self.expr)
                ",["
                joined(self.attrpath.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, attr| {
@@ -560,7 +526,7 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for Select {
            );
        } else {
            code!(buf, ctx;
-                "Nix.select("
+                "$s("
                ctx.get_ir(self.expr)
                ",["
                joined(self.attrpath.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, attr| {
@@ -581,31 +547,28 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for AttrSet {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        if !self.dyns.is_empty() {
            code!(buf, ctx;
-                "Nix.mkAttrsWithPos({"
+                "$ma(new Map(["
                joined(self.stcs.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (&sym, &(expr, _))| {
                    let key = ctx.get_sym(sym);
                    let val = ctx.get_ir(expr);

                    code!(
                        buf, ctx;
-                        key ":Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the attribute '" escaped(&key) "'\"," val.span() ",()=>(" val "))"
+                        "[" key "," val "]"
                    );
                })
-                "},{"
+                "]),new Map(["
                joined(self.stcs.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (&sym, &(_, span))| {
-                    code!(buf, ctx; ctx.get_sym(sym) ":" span);
+                    code!(buf, ctx; "[" ctx.get_sym(sym) "," span "]");
                })
-                "},{dynKeys:["
+                "]),{dynKeys:["
                joined(self.dyns.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (key, _, _)| {
                    code!(buf, ctx; ctx.get_ir(*key));
                })
                "],dynVals:["
                joined(self.dyns.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (_, val, _)| {
                    let val = ctx.get_ir(*val);
-                    code!(
-                        buf, ctx;
-                        "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating a dynamic attribute\"," val.span() ",()=>(" val "))"
-                    );
+                    code!(buf, ctx; val);
                })
                "],dynSpans:["
                joined(self.dyns.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (_, _, attr_span)| {
@@ -615,21 +578,21 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for AttrSet {
            );
        } else if !self.stcs.is_empty() {
            code!(buf, ctx;
-                "Nix.mkAttrsWithPos({"
+                "$ma(new Map(["
                joined(self.stcs.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (&sym, &(expr, _))| {
                    let key = ctx.get_sym(sym);
                    let val = ctx.get_ir(expr);

                    code!(
                        buf, ctx;
-                        key ":Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating the attribute '" escaped(&key) "'\"," val.span() ",()=>(" val "))"
+                        "[" key "," val "]"
                    );
                })
-                "},{"
+                "]),new Map(["
                joined(self.stcs.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (&sym, &(_, span))| {
-                    code!(buf, ctx; ctx.get_sym(sym) ":" span);
+                    code!(buf, ctx; "[" ctx.get_sym(sym) "," span "]");
                })
-                "})"
+                "]))"
            );
        } else {
            code!(buf, ctx; "new Map()");
@@ -641,12 +604,9 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for List {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        code!(buf, ctx;
            "["
-            joined(self.items.iter().enumerate(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, (idx, item)| {
+            joined(self.items.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, item| {
                let item = ctx.get_ir(*item);
-                code!(
-                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating list element " idx "\"," item.span() ",()=>(" item "))"
-                );
+                code!(buf, ctx; item);
            })
            "]"
        );
@@ -656,13 +616,10 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for List {
 impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for ConcatStrings {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        code!(buf, ctx;
-            "Nix.concatStringsWithContext(["
+            "$cs(["
            joined(self.parts.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, part| {
                let part = ctx.get_ir(*part);
-                code!(
-                    buf, ctx;
-                    "Nix.withContext(\"while evaluating a path segment\"," part.span() ",()=>(" part "))"
-                );
+                code!(buf, ctx; part);
            })
            "]," self.force_string ")"
        );
@@ -672,7 +629,7 @@ impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for ConcatStrings {
 impl<Ctx: CodegenContext> Compile<Ctx> for HasAttr {
    fn compile(&self, ctx: &Ctx, buf: &mut CodeBuffer) {
        code!(buf, ctx;
-            "Nix.hasAttr("
+            "$h("
            ctx.get_ir(self.lhs)
            ",["
            joined(self.rhs.iter(), ",", |ctx: &Ctx, buf, attr| {
--- a/nix-js/src/context.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/context.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::ptr::NonNull;

@@ -123,9 +124,14 @@ impl Context {
        let code = self.ctx.compile(source, None)?;
        self.runtime.eval(
            format!(
-                "Nix.builtins.set('derivation',({}));Nix.builtins.set('storeDir','{}')",
+                "Nix.builtins.set('derivation',({}));Nix.builtins.set('storeDir','{}');{}0n",
                code,
-                self.get_store_dir()
+                self.get_store_dir(),
+                if std::env::var("NIX_JS_DEBUG_THUNKS").is_ok() {
+                    "Nix.DEBUG_THUNKS.enabled=true;"
+                } else {
+                    ""
+                }
            ),
            &mut self.ctx,
        )?;
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Ctx {
    global: NonNull<HashMap<SymId, ExprId>>,
    sources: Vec<Source>,
    store: DaemonStore,
+    spans: UnsafeCell<Vec<(usize, TextRange)>>,
 }

 impl Ctx {
@@ -278,6 +285,7 @@ impl Ctx {
            global: unsafe { NonNull::new_unchecked(Box::leak(Box::new(global))) },
            sources: Vec::new(),
            store,
+            spans: UnsafeCell::new(Vec::new()),
        })
    }

@@ -363,12 +371,15 @@ impl CodegenContext for Ctx {
            .checked_sub(1)
            .expect("current_source not set")
    }
-    fn get_current_source(&self) -> crate::error::Source {
-        self.sources.last().expect("current_source not set").clone()
-    }
    fn get_store_dir(&self) -> &str {
        self.store.get_store_dir()
    }
+    fn register_span(&self, range: rnix::TextRange) -> usize {
+        let spans = unsafe { &mut *self.spans.get() };
+        let id = spans.len();
+        spans.push((self.get_current_source_id(), range));
+        id
+    }
 }

 impl RuntimeContext for Ctx {
@@ -390,6 +401,10 @@ impl RuntimeContext for Ctx {
    fn get_store(&self) -> &DaemonStore {
        &self.store
    }
+    fn get_span(&self, id: usize) -> (usize, rnix::TextRange) {
+        let spans = unsafe { &*self.spans.get() };
+        spans[id]
+    }
 }

 enum Scope<'ctx> {
--- a/nix-js/src/error.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/error.rs
@@ -292,43 +292,32 @@ fn parse_frames(stack: &str, ctx: &impl RuntimeContext) -> Vec<NixStackFrame> {
    let mut frames = Vec::new();

    for line in stack.lines() {
-        // Format: NIX_STACK_FRAME:source_id:start:end[:extra_data]
+        // Format: NIX_STACK_FRAME:span_id:message
        let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("NIX_STACK_FRAME:") else {
            continue;
        };
-        let parts: Vec<&str> = rest.splitn(4, ':').collect();
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = rest.splitn(2, ':').collect();

-        if parts.len() < 3 {
+        if parts.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }

-        let src = match parts[0].parse() {
-            Ok(id) => ctx.get_source(id),
-            Err(_) => continue,
-        };
-        let start: u32 = match parts[1].parse() {
-            Ok(v) => v,
-            Err(_) => continue,
-        };
-        let end: u32 = match parts[2].parse() {
-            Ok(v) => v,
+        let span_id: usize = match parts[0].parse() {
+            Ok(id) => id,
            Err(_) => continue,
        };
+        let (source_id, span) = ctx.get_span(span_id);
+        let src = ctx.get_source(source_id);

-        let span = rnix::TextRange::new(rnix::TextSize::from(start), rnix::TextSize::from(end));
-
-        let message = {
-            if parts.len() == 4 {
-                parts[3].to_string()
+        let message = if parts.len() == 2 {
+            parts[1].to_string()
        } else {
            String::new()
-            }
        };

        frames.push(NixStackFrame { span, message, src });
    }

-    // Deduplicate consecutive identical frames
    frames.dedup_by(|a, b| a.span == b.span && a.message == b.message);

    frames
--- a/nix-js/src/fetcher.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/fetcher.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use deno_core::OpState;
+use deno_core::ToV8;
 use deno_core::op2;
 use nix_compat::nixhash::HashAlgo;
 use nix_compat::nixhash::NixHash;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use tracing::{debug, info, warn};

 use crate::runtime::OpStateExt;
@@ -22,19 +22,19 @@ pub use metadata_cache::MetadataCache;
 use crate::nar;
 use crate::runtime::NixRuntimeError;

-#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[derive(ToV8)]
 pub struct FetchUrlResult {
    pub store_path: String,
    pub hash: String,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[derive(ToV8)]
 pub struct FetchTarballResult {
    pub store_path: String,
    pub nar_hash: String,
 }

-#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[derive(ToV8)]
 pub struct FetchGitResult {
    pub out_path: String,
    pub rev: String,
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct FetchGitResult {
 }

 #[op2]
-#[serde]
 pub fn op_fetch_url<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] url: String,
@@ -152,7 +151,6 @@ pub fn op_fetch_url<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
 }

 #[op2]
-#[serde]
 pub fn op_fetch_tarball<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] url: String,
@@ -266,7 +264,6 @@ pub fn op_fetch_tarball<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
 }

 #[op2]
-#[serde]
 pub fn op_fetch_git<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] url: String,
--- a/nix-js/src/main.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/main.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ struct Cli {

 #[derive(Subcommand)]
 enum Command {
+    Compile {
+        #[clap(flatten)]
+        source: ExprSource,
+        #[arg(long)]
+        silent: bool
+    },
    Eval {
        #[clap(flatten)]
        source: ExprSource,
@@ -63,6 +69,30 @@ fn create_context(#[cfg(feature = "inspector")] cli: &Cli) -> Result<Context> {
    Ok(Context::new()?)
 }

+fn run_compile(context: &mut Context, src: ExprSource, silent: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let src = if let Some(expr) = src.expr {
+        Source::new_eval(expr)?
+    } else if let Some(file) = src.file {
+        Source::new_file(file)?
+    } else {
+        unreachable!()
+    };
+    match context.compile(src) {
+        Ok(compiled) => {
+            if !silent {
+                println!("{compiled}");
+            }
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!("{:?}", miette::Report::new(*err));
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+    #[cfg(feature = "inspector")]
+    context.wait_for_inspector_disconnect();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn run_eval(context: &mut Context, src: ExprSource) -> Result<()> {
    let src = if let Some(expr) = src.expr {
        Source::new_eval(expr)?
@@ -150,6 +180,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
    )?;

    match cli.command {
+        Command::Compile { source , silent } => run_compile(&mut context, source, silent),
        Command::Eval { source } => run_eval(&mut context, source),
        Command::Repl => run_repl(&mut context),
    }
--- a/nix-js/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/runtime.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub(crate) trait RuntimeContext: 'static {
    fn compile_scoped(&mut self, source: Source, scope: Vec<String>) -> Result<String>;
    fn get_source(&self, id: usize) -> Source;
    fn get_store(&self) -> &DaemonStore;
+    fn get_span(&self, id: usize) -> (usize, rnix::TextRange);
 }

 pub(crate) trait OpStateExt<Ctx: RuntimeContext> {
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ pub(crate) use private::NixRuntimeError;

 pub(crate) struct Runtime<Ctx: RuntimeContext> {
    js_runtime: JsRuntime,
+    #[cfg(feature = "inspector")]
    rt: tokio::runtime::Runtime,
    #[cfg(feature = "inspector")]
    wait_for_inspector: bool,
@@ -142,7 +144,12 @@ impl<Ctx: RuntimeContext> Runtime<Ctx> {
        static INIT: Once = Once::new();
        INIT.call_once(|| {
            assert_eq!(
-                deno_core::v8_set_flags(vec!["".into(), format!("--stack-size={}", 8 * 1024)]),
+                deno_core::v8_set_flags(vec![
+                    "".into(),
+                    format!("--stack-size={}", 8 * 1024),
+                    #[cfg(feature = "prof")]
+                    ("--prof".into())
+                ]),
                [""]
            );
            JsRuntime::init_platform(Some(v8::new_default_platform(0, false).make_shared()));
@@ -172,6 +179,7 @@ impl<Ctx: RuntimeContext> Runtime<Ctx> {

        Ok(Self {
            js_runtime,
+            #[cfg(feature = "inspector")]
            rt: tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
                .enable_all()
                .build()
@@ -224,22 +232,6 @@ impl<Ctx: RuntimeContext> Runtime<Ctx> {

                crate::error::parse_js_error(error, ctx)
            })?;
-        let global_value = self
-            .rt
-            .block_on(self.js_runtime.resolve(global_value))
-            .map_err(|error| {
-                let op_state = self.js_runtime.op_state();
-                let op_state_borrow = op_state.borrow();
-                let ctx: &Ctx = op_state_borrow.get_ctx();
-
-                crate::error::parse_js_error(error, ctx)
-            })?;
-        #[cfg(feature = "inspector")]
-        {
-            let _ = self
-                .rt
-                .block_on(self.js_runtime.run_event_loop(Default::default()));
-        }

        // Retrieve scope from JsRuntime
        deno_core::scope!(scope, self.js_runtime);
--- a/nix-js/src/runtime/inspector.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/runtime/inspector.rs
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ use deno_core::url::Url;
 use fastwebsockets::Frame;
 use fastwebsockets::OpCode;
 use fastwebsockets::WebSocket;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use hyper::body::Bytes;
 use hyper_util::rt::TokioIo;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::pin::pin;
 use std::process;
--- a/nix-js/src/runtime/ops.rs
+++ b/nix-js/src/runtime/ops.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::convert::Infallible;
 use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
 use std::str::FromStr;

-use hashbrown::hash_map::{Entry, HashMap};
-
-use deno_core::{FromV8, OpState, v8};
+use deno_core::error::JsError;
+use deno_core::{FromV8, OpState, ToV8, v8};
+use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet, hash_map::Entry};
 use regex::Regex;
 use rust_embed::Embed;

@@ -36,16 +38,84 @@ impl RegexCache {
    }
 }

+pub(super) struct Map<K, V>(HashMap<K, V>);
+impl<'a, K, V> ToV8<'a> for Map<K, V>
+where
+    K: ToV8<'a>,
+    K::Error: ToString,
+    V: ToV8<'a>,
+    V::Error: ToString,
+{
+    type Error = NixRuntimeError;
+    fn to_v8<'i>(self, scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'a, 'i>) -> Result<v8::Local<'a, v8::Value>> {
+        let map = v8::Map::new(scope);
+        for (k, v) in self.0 {
+            let k = k.to_v8(scope).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+            let v = v.to_v8(scope).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+            map.set(scope, k, v).ok_or("Failed to set V8 Map KV")?;
+        }
+        Ok(map.into())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Embed)]
 #[folder = "src/runtime/corepkgs"]
 pub(crate) struct CorePkgs;

-#[deno_core::op2]
-#[string]
+fn new_simple_jserror(msg: String) -> Box<JsError> {
+    JsError {
+        message: Some(msg.clone()),
+
+        name: None,
+        stack: None,
+        cause: None,
+        exception_message: msg,
+        frames: Vec::new(),
+        source_line: None,
+        source_line_frame_index: None,
+        aggregated: None,
+        additional_properties: Vec::new(),
+    }
+    .into()
+}
+
+struct Compiled(String);
+impl<'a> ToV8<'a> for Compiled {
+    type Error = Box<JsError>;
+    fn to_v8<'i>(
+        self,
+        scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'a, 'i>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<v8::Local<'a, v8::Value>, Self::Error> {
+        let Ok(script) = self.0.to_v8(scope);
+        let Some(source) = script.to_string(scope) else {
+            unsafe { std::hint::unreachable_unchecked() }
+        };
+        let tc = std::pin::pin!(v8::TryCatch::new(scope));
+        let mut scope = tc.init();
+        let Some(compiled) = v8::Script::compile(&scope, source, None) else {
+            let msg = scope
+                .exception()
+                .map(|e| e.to_rust_string_lossy(&scope))
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "failed to compile code".into());
+            return Err(new_simple_jserror(msg));
+        };
+        match compiled.run(&scope) {
+            Some(val) => Ok(val),
+            None => Err(scope
+                .exception()
+                .map(|e| JsError::from_v8_exception(&mut scope, e))
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    new_simple_jserror("script execution failed unexpectedly".into())
+                })),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[deno_core::op2(reentrant)]
 pub(super) fn op_import<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] path: String,
-) -> Result<String> {
+) -> Result<Compiled> {
    let _span = tracing::info_span!("op_import", path = %path).entered();
    let ctx: &mut Ctx = state.get_ctx_mut();

@@ -61,7 +131,8 @@ pub(super) fn op_import<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
                    .into(),
            );
            ctx.add_source(source.clone());
-            return Ok(ctx.compile(source).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?);
+            let code = ctx.compile(source).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+            return Ok(Compiled(code));
        } else {
            return Err(format!("Corepkg not found: {}", corepkg_name).into());
        }
@@ -85,7 +156,8 @@ pub(super) fn op_import<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    tracing::debug!("Compiling file");
    ctx.add_source(source.clone());

-    Ok(ctx.compile(source).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?)
+    let code = ctx.compile(source).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
+    Ok(Compiled(code))
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
@@ -93,7 +165,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_import<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
 pub(super) fn op_scoped_import<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] path: String,
-    #[serde] scope: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] scope: Vec<String>,
 ) -> Result<String> {
    let _span = tracing::info_span!("op_scoped_import", path = %path).entered();
    let ctx: &mut Ctx = state.get_ctx_mut();
@@ -161,10 +233,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_read_file_type(#[string] path: String) -> Result<String> {
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
-pub(super) fn op_read_dir(
-    #[string] path: String,
-) -> Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, String>> {
+pub(super) fn op_read_dir(#[string] path: String) -> Result<Map<String, &'static str>> {
    let path = Path::new(&path);

    if !path.is_dir() {
@@ -174,7 +243,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_read_dir(
    let entries = std::fs::read_dir(path)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read directory {}: {}", path.display(), e))?;

-    let mut result = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    let mut result = HashMap::new();

    for entry in entries {
        let entry = entry.map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read directory entry: {}", e))?;
@@ -198,10 +267,10 @@ pub(super) fn op_read_dir(
            "unknown"
        };

-        result.insert(file_name, type_str.to_string());
+        result.insert(file_name, type_str);
    }

-    Ok(result)
+    Ok(Map(result))
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
@@ -255,35 +324,40 @@ pub(super) fn op_make_placeholder(#[string] output: String) -> String {
    format!("/{}", encoded)
 }

-#[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
-pub(super) fn op_decode_span<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
-    state: &mut OpState,
-    #[string] span_str: String,
-) -> Result<serde_json::Value> {
-    let parts: Vec<&str> = span_str.split(':').collect();
-    if parts.len() != 3 {
-        return Ok(serde_json::json!({
-            "file": serde_json::Value::Null,
-            "line": serde_json::Value::Null,
-            "column": serde_json::Value::Null
-        }));
+enum StringOrU32 {
+    String(String),
+    U32(u32),
+}
+impl<'a> ToV8<'a> for StringOrU32 {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+    fn to_v8<'i>(
+        self,
+        scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'a, 'i>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<v8::Local<'a, v8::Value>, Self::Error> {
+        match self {
+            Self::String(x) => x.to_v8(scope),
+            Self::U32(x) => x.to_v8(scope),
+        }
+    }
 }

-    let source_id: usize = parts[0].parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid source ID")?;
-    let start: u32 = parts[1].parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid start offset")?;
-
+#[deno_core::op2]
+pub(super) fn op_decode_span<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
+    state: &mut OpState,
+    #[smi] span_id: u32,
+) -> Map<&'static str, StringOrU32> {
    let ctx: &Ctx = state.get_ctx();
+    let (source_id, range) = ctx.get_span(span_id as usize);
    let source = ctx.get_source(source_id);
-    let content = &source.src;
+    let start = u32::from(range.start());

-    let (line, column) = byte_offset_to_line_col(content, start as usize);
+    let (line, column) = byte_offset_to_line_col(&source.src, start as usize);

-    Ok(serde_json::json!({
-        "file": source.get_name(),
-        "line": line,
-        "column": column
-    }))
+    Map(HashMap::from([
+        ("file", StringOrU32::String(source.get_name())),
+        ("line", StringOrU32::U32(line)),
+        ("column", StringOrU32::U32(column)),
+    ]))
 }

 fn byte_offset_to_line_col(content: &str, offset: usize) -> (u32, u32) {
@@ -305,14 +379,18 @@ fn byte_offset_to_line_col(content: &str, offset: usize) -> (u32, u32) {
    (line, col)
 }

-#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
+mod private {
+    use deno_core::ToV8;
+
+    #[derive(ToV8)]
    pub(super) struct ParsedHash {
-    hex: String,
-    algo: String,
+        pub(super) hex: String,
+        pub(super) algo: String,
    }
+}
+use private::*;

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_parse_hash(
    #[string] hash_str: String,
    #[string] algo: Option<String>,
@@ -444,7 +522,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_to_file<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] name: String,
    #[string] contents: String,
-    #[serde] references: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] references: Vec<String>,
 ) -> Result<String> {
    let ctx: &Ctx = state.get_ctx();
    let store = ctx.get_store();
@@ -498,7 +576,6 @@ pub(super) fn op_get_env(#[string] key: String) -> Result<String> {
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_walk_dir(#[string] path: String) -> Result<Vec<(String, String)>> {
    fn walk_recursive(
        base: &Path,
@@ -560,7 +637,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_add_filtered_path<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    #[string] name: Option<String>,
    recursive: bool,
    #[string] sha256: Option<String>,
-    #[serde] include_paths: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] include_paths: Vec<String>,
 ) -> Result<String> {
    use nix_compat::nixhash::{HashAlgo, NixHash};
    use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
@@ -659,7 +736,6 @@ pub(super) fn op_add_filtered_path<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_match(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] regex: String,
@@ -684,7 +760,6 @@ pub(super) fn op_match(
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_split(
    state: &mut OpState,
    #[string] regex: String,
@@ -720,13 +795,30 @@ pub(super) fn op_split(
    Ok(ret)
 }

-#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
 pub(super) enum SplitResult {
    Text(String),
    Captures(Vec<Option<String>>),
 }

+impl<'a> ToV8<'a> for SplitResult {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+    fn to_v8<'i>(
+        self,
+        scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'a, 'i>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<v8::Local<'a, v8::Value>, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(match self {
+            Self::Text(text) => {
+                let Ok(value) = text.to_v8(scope);
+                value
+            }
+            Self::Captures(captures) => {
+                let Ok(value) = captures.to_v8(scope);
+                value
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 pub(super) enum NixJsonValue {
    Null,
    Bool(bool),
@@ -847,34 +939,24 @@ pub(super) fn op_from_toml(#[string] toml_str: String) -> Result<NixJsonValue> {
    toml_to_nix(parsed)
 }

-#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+mod scope {
+    use deno_core::{FromV8, ToV8};
+
+    #[derive(FromV8)]
    pub(super) struct FixedOutputInput {
-    #[serde(rename = "hashAlgo")]
-    hash_algo: String,
-    hash: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "hashMode")]
-    hash_mode: String,
+        pub(super) hash_algo: String,
+        pub(super) hash: String,
+        pub(super) hash_mode: String,
    }

-#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(super) struct FinalizeDerivationInput {
-    name: String,
-    builder: String,
-    platform: String,
-    outputs: Vec<String>,
-    args: Vec<String>,
-    env: Vec<(String, String)>,
-    context: Vec<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "fixedOutput")]
-    fixed_output: Option<FixedOutputInput>,
-}
-
-#[derive(serde::Serialize)]
+    #[derive(ToV8)]
    pub(super) struct FinalizeDerivationOutput {
-    #[serde(rename = "drvPath")]
-    drv_path: String,
-    outputs: Vec<(String, String)>,
+        // renamed to `drvPath` automatically
+        pub(super) drv_path: String,
+        pub(super) outputs: Vec<(String, String)>,
    }
+}
+use scope::*;

 fn output_path_name(drv_name: &str, output: &str) -> String {
    if output == "out" {
@@ -885,10 +967,16 @@ fn output_path_name(drv_name: &str, output: &str) -> String {
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    state: &mut OpState,
-    #[serde] input: FinalizeDerivationInput,
+    #[string] name: String,
+    #[string] builder: String,
+    #[string] platform: String,
+    #[scoped] outputs: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] args: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] env: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    #[scoped] context: Vec<String>,
+    #[scoped] fixed_output: Option<FixedOutputInput>,
 ) -> Result<FinalizeDerivationOutput> {
    use crate::derivation::{DerivationData, OutputInfo};
    use crate::string_context::extract_input_drvs_and_srcs;
@@ -898,15 +986,15 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
    let store_dir = store.get_store_dir().to_string();

    let (input_drvs, input_srcs) =
-        extract_input_drvs_and_srcs(&input.context).map_err(NixRuntimeError::from)?;
+        extract_input_drvs_and_srcs(&context).map_err(NixRuntimeError::from)?;

-    let env: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, String> = input.env.into_iter().collect();
+    let env: BTreeMap<String, String> = env.into_iter().collect();

    let drv_path;
    let output_paths: Vec<(String, String)>;

-    if let Some(fixed) = &input.fixed_output {
-        let path_name = output_path_name(&input.name, "out");
+    if let Some(fixed) = &fixed_output {
+        let path_name = output_path_name(&name, "out");
        let out_path = crate::runtime::ops::op_make_fixed_output_path_impl(
            &store_dir,
            &fixed.hash_algo,
@@ -921,7 +1009,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
            ""
        };

-        let mut final_outputs = std::collections::BTreeMap::new();
+        let mut final_outputs = BTreeMap::new();
        final_outputs.insert(
            "out".to_string(),
            OutputInfo {
@@ -935,13 +1023,13 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
        final_env.insert("out".to_string(), out_path.clone());

        let drv = DerivationData {
-            name: input.name.clone(),
+            name: name.clone(),
            outputs: final_outputs,
            input_drvs: input_drvs.clone(),
            input_srcs: input_srcs.clone(),
-            platform: input.platform,
-            builder: input.builder,
-            args: input.args,
+            platform,
+            builder,
+            args,
            env: final_env,
        };

@@ -949,7 +1037,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
        let references = drv.collect_references();

        drv_path = store
-            .add_text_to_store(&format!("{}.drv", input.name), &final_aterm, references)
+            .add_text_to_store(&format!("{}.drv", name), &final_aterm, references)
            .map_err(|e| NixRuntimeError::from(format!("failed to write derivation: {}", e)))?;

        let fixed_hash_fingerprint = format!(
@@ -963,8 +1051,7 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(

        output_paths = vec![("out".to_string(), out_path)];
    } else {
-        let masked_outputs: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, OutputInfo> = input
-            .outputs
+        let masked_outputs: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, OutputInfo> = outputs
            .iter()
            .map(|o| {
                (
@@ -979,18 +1066,18 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
            .collect();

        let mut masked_env = env.clone();
-        for output in &input.outputs {
+        for output in &outputs {
            masked_env.insert(output.clone(), String::new());
        }

        let masked_drv = DerivationData {
-            name: input.name.clone(),
+            name: name.clone(),
            outputs: masked_outputs,
            input_drvs: input_drvs.clone(),
            input_srcs: input_srcs.clone(),
-            platform: input.platform.clone(),
-            builder: input.builder.clone(),
-            args: input.args.clone(),
+            platform: platform.clone(),
+            builder: builder.clone(),
+            args: args.clone(),
            env: masked_env,
        };

@@ -1018,8 +1105,8 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
        let mut final_env = env;
        let mut result_output_paths = Vec::new();

-        for output_name in &input.outputs {
-            let path_name = output_path_name(&input.name, output_name);
+        for output_name in &outputs {
+            let path_name = output_path_name(&name, output_name);
            let out_path = crate::nix_utils::make_store_path(
                &store_dir,
                &format!("output:{}", output_name),
@@ -1039,13 +1126,13 @@ pub(super) fn op_finalize_derivation<Ctx: RuntimeContext>(
        }

        let final_drv = DerivationData {
-            name: input.name,
+            name,
            outputs: final_outputs,
            input_drvs,
            input_srcs,
-            platform: input.platform,
-            builder: input.builder,
-            args: input.args,
+            platform,
+            builder,
+            args,
            env: final_env,
        };

@@ -1172,21 +1259,21 @@ pub(super) fn op_hash_file(#[string] algo: String, #[string] path: String) -> Re

 #[deno_core::op2]
 #[string]
-pub(super) fn op_convert_hash(#[serde] input: ConvertHashInput) -> Result<String> {
+pub(super) fn op_convert_hash(
+    #[string] hash: &str,
+    #[string] algo: Option<String>,
+    #[string] format: &str,
+) -> Result<String> {
    use nix_compat::nixhash::{HashAlgo, NixHash};

-    let hash_algo = input
-        .hash_algo
-        .as_deref()
-        .and_then(|a| HashAlgo::from_str(a).ok());
+    let hash_algo = algo.as_deref().and_then(|a| HashAlgo::from_str(a).ok());

-    let hash = NixHash::from_str(&input.hash, hash_algo).map_err(|e| {
-        NixRuntimeError::from(format!("cannot convert hash '{}': {}", input.hash, e))
-    })?;
+    let hash = NixHash::from_str(hash, hash_algo)
+        .map_err(|e| NixRuntimeError::from(format!("cannot convert hash '{}': {}", hash, e)))?;

    let bytes = hash.digest_as_bytes();

-    match input.to_format.as_str() {
+    match format {
        "base16" => Ok(hex::encode(bytes)),
        "nix32" | "base32" => Ok(nix_compat::nixbase32::encode(bytes)),
        "base64" => {
@@ -1199,20 +1286,11 @@ pub(super) fn op_convert_hash(#[serde] input: ConvertHashInput) -> Result<String
        })),
        _ => Err(NixRuntimeError::from(format!(
            "unknown hash format '{}'",
-            input.to_format
+            format
        ))),
    }
 }

-#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(super) struct ConvertHashInput {
-    hash: String,
-    #[serde(rename = "hashAlgo")]
-    hash_algo: Option<String>,
-    #[serde(rename = "toHashFormat")]
-    to_format: String,
-}
-
 struct XmlCtx<'s> {
    force_fn: v8::Local<'s, v8::Function>,
    is_thunk: v8::Local<'s, v8::Symbol>,
@@ -1254,7 +1332,7 @@ impl<'s> XmlCtx<'s> {
 struct XmlWriter {
    buf: String,
    context: Vec<String>,
-    drvs_seen: hashbrown::HashSet<String>,
+    drvs_seen: HashSet<String>,
 }

 impl XmlWriter {
@@ -1262,7 +1340,7 @@ impl XmlWriter {
        Self {
            buf: String::with_capacity(4096),
            context: Vec::new(),
-            drvs_seen: hashbrown::HashSet::new(),
+            drvs_seen: HashSet::new(),
        }
    }

@@ -1753,7 +1831,6 @@ impl<'a> FromV8<'a> for ToXmlResult {
 }

 #[deno_core::op2]
-#[serde]
 pub(super) fn op_to_xml(#[scoped] value: ToXmlResult) -> (String, Vec<String>) {
    (value.xml, value.context)
 }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
imxyy_soope_	7eb3acf26f	optimize: use v8::Script::compile to run script directly in op_import	2026-02-19 19:58:02 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	b424f60f9f	optimize: avoid using #[serde] in ops	2026-02-19 19:11:56 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	42031edac1	optimize: generate shorter code	2026-02-19 17:16:35 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	04dcadfd61	optimize	2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	c3c39bda0c	feat: v8 profiling	2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	782092b91e	optimize: type check	2026-02-18 20:45:50 +08:00
imxyy_soope_	ae5febd5dd	feat(cli): compile	2026-02-18 20:45:42 +08:00