From 7293cb9f757ce684db65d60dd363f8e9d5c77cce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: imxyy_soope_ <imxyy1soope1@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Jun 2025 17:27:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat: initial parallel impl

---
 Cargo.lock                 |  71 ++------
 Cargo.toml                 |   2 +-
 src/bin/eval.rs            |   2 +-
 src/engine/mod.rs          |  48 +++++-
 src/engine/test.rs         |   9 +-
 src/env.rs                 |  39 ++---
 src/eval/jit/helpers.rs    |  19 +--
 src/eval/jit/mod.rs        |  27 ++-
 src/eval/mod.rs            | 250 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 src/ir/mod.rs              |  94 +++++++----
 src/ty/internal/attrset.rs |  58 ++++---
 src/ty/internal/func.rs    |   4 +-
 src/ty/internal/list.rs    |  40 +++--
 src/ty/internal/mod.rs     | 221 +++++++++++--------------
 src/ty/internal/primop.rs  |  16 +-
 src/ty/public.rs           |   4 +-
 src/vm/mod.rs              | 328 -------------------------------------
 src/vm/test.rs             | 231 --------------------------
 18 files changed, 529 insertions(+), 934 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/vm/mod.rs
 delete mode 100644 src/vm/test.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f118071..d8385d7 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -80,26 +80,6 @@ version = "3.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7704b5fdd17b18ae31c4c1da5a2e0305a2bf17b5249300a9ee9ed7b72114c636"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.8.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d0a5c400df2834b80a4c3327b3aad3a4c4cd4de0629063962b03235697506a28"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "dashmap"
-version = "6.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5041cc499144891f3790297212f32a74fb938e5136a14943f338ef9e0ae276cf"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "hashbrown 0.14.3",
- "lock_api",
- "once_cell",
- "parking_lot_core",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "derive_more"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -205,6 +185,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "indexmap"
+version = "2.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cea70ddb795996207ad57735b50c5982d8844f38ba9ee5f1aedcfb708a2aa11e"
+dependencies = [
+ "equivalent",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "inkwell"
 version = "0.6.0"
@@ -271,16 +261,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "semver",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.13"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96936507f153605bddfcda068dd804796c84324ed2510809e5b2a624c81da765"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "scopeguard",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
 version = "0.4.27"
@@ -327,12 +307,12 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "nixjit"
 version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
- "dashmap",
  "derive_more",
  "ecow",
  "hashbrown 0.15.3",
  "inkwell",
  "itertools",
+ "priority-queue",
  "regex",
  "replace_with",
  "rnix",
@@ -347,16 +327,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "42f5e15c9953c5e4ccceeb2e7382a716482c34515315f7b03532b8b4e8393d2d"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.9.11"
+name = "priority-queue"
+version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc838d2a56b5b1a6c25f55575dfc605fabb63bb2365f6c2353ef9159aa69e4a5"
+checksum = "5676d703dda103cbb035b653a9f11448c0a7216c7926bd35fcb5865475d0c970"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "smallvec",
- "windows-targets",
+ "autocfg",
+ "equivalent",
+ "indexmap",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -387,15 +365,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "nibble_vec",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.5.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "928fca9cf2aa042393a8325b9ead81d2f0df4cb12e1e24cef072922ccd99c5af"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
 version = "1.11.1"
@@ -500,12 +469,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "scopeguard"
-version = "1.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.26"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 25f89f0..cb24a38 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ derive_more = { version = "2.0", features = ["full"] }
 ecow = "0.2"
 regex = "1.11"
 hashbrown = "0.15"
-dashmap = "6.1"
+priority-queue = "2.5"
 replace_with = "0.1"
 inkwell = { version = "0.6.0", features = ["llvm18-1"] }
 
diff --git a/src/bin/eval.rs b/src/bin/eval.rs
index 4bed9bd..dc6776c 100644
--- a/src/bin/eval.rs
+++ b/src/bin/eval.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use nixjit::error::Error;
 use nixjit::error::Result;
 use nixjit::ir::downgrade;
-use nixjit::eval::eval;
+use nixjit::engine::eval;
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let mut args = std::env::args();
diff --git a/src/engine/mod.rs b/src/engine/mod.rs
index 135c748..1a9cadb 100644
--- a/src/engine/mod.rs
+++ b/src/engine/mod.rs
@@ -1,29 +1,61 @@
-use hashbrown::HashSet;
+use std::sync::RwLock;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use hashbrown::HashSet;
+use priority_queue::PriorityQueue;
+
+use crate::env::VmEnv;
 use crate::eval::Evaluate;
 use crate::ir::{Downgraded, Ir};
 use crate::ty::public::Value;
+use crate::ty::internal as i;
 use crate::error::Result;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
 
 pub struct Engine {
-    
+    thunks: Box<[RwLock<Thunk>]>,
+    func_offset: usize,
+    tasks: PriorityQueue<CompileTask, usize>
 }
 
 pub fn eval(downgraded: Downgraded) -> Result<Value> {
-    let mut engine = Engine::new();
-    engine.eval(downgraded.top_level)
+    let mut engine = Engine::new(downgraded.thunks, downgraded.func_offset);
+    engine.eval(downgraded.top_level, &VmEnv::new(vec![])).map(|mut val| Ok(val.force(&engine)?.to_public(&engine, &mut HashSet::new())))?
 }
 
 impl Engine {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {}
+    pub fn new(thunks: Box<[Ir]>, func_offset: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            thunks: thunks.into_iter().map(Thunk::new).map(RwLock::new).collect(),
+            func_offset,
+            tasks: PriorityQueue::new()
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn eval(&mut self, expr: Ir) -> Result<Value> {
-        expr.eval(self).map(|val| val.to_public(self, &mut HashSet::new()))
+    pub fn eval(&mut self, expr: Ir, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<i::Value> {
+        expr.eval(self, env)
+    }
+
+    pub fn eval_thunk(&self, idx: usize, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<i::Value> {
+        todo!()
     }
 }
 
+enum Thunk {
+    Expr(Ir),
+    Compiling,
+    Compiled(fn(Rc<VmEnv>) -> Value)
+}
+
+impl Thunk {
+    fn new(ir: Ir) -> Thunk {
+        Thunk::Expr(ir)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+struct CompileTask {
+    idx: usize
+}
diff --git a/src/engine/test.rs b/src/engine/test.rs
index ca25022..bea9a0f 100644
--- a/src/engine/test.rs
+++ b/src/engine/test.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 extern crate test;
 
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use test::{Bencher, black_box};
 
@@ -23,12 +23,7 @@ fn test_expr(expr: &str, expected: Value) {
 macro_rules! map {
     ($($k:expr => $v:expr),*) => {
         {
-            #[allow(unused_mut)]
-            let mut m = HashMap::new();
-            $(
-                m.insert($k, $v);
-            )*
-            m
+            BTreeMap::from([$(($k, $v),)*])
         }
     };
 }
diff --git a/src/env.rs b/src/env.rs
index 5e877c5..dd7f9cb 100644
--- a/src/env.rs
+++ b/src/env.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use ecow::EcoString;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
-use crate::{ir::Ir, ty::internal::Value};
+use crate::ty::internal::Value;
 
 pub struct Env<K: Hash + Eq, V> {
     let_: Rc<LetEnv<V>>,
     with: Rc<With<K, V>>,
     args: Rc<Vec<V>>,
-    last: Option<Rc<Env<K, V>>>,
 }
 
 pub struct LetEnv<V> {
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ pub struct LetEnv<V> {
     last: Option<Rc<LetEnv<V>>>,
 }
 
-pub type VmEnv<'gc> = Env<usize, Value<'gc>>;
-pub type IrEnv<'gc> = Env<usize, Ir>;
+pub type VmEnv = Env<EcoString, Value>;
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
 pub struct With<K: Hash + Eq, V> {
@@ -39,16 +38,15 @@ pub enum Type {
 }
 
 impl<K: Hash + Eq + Clone, V: Clone> Env<K, V> {
-    pub fn new(map: Vec<V>) -> Rc<Self> {
-        Rc::new(Self {
+    pub fn new(map: Vec<V>) -> Self {
+        Self {
             let_: LetEnv::new(map),
             with: With {
                 map: None,
                 last: None,
             }.into(),
             args: Vec::new().into(),
-            last: None,
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn lookup_arg(&self, level: usize) -> &V {
@@ -68,39 +66,32 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq + Clone, V: Clone> Env<K, V> {
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn enter_arg(self: Rc<Self>, val: V) -> Rc<Self> {
+    pub fn enter_arg(&self, val: V) -> Self {
         let mut args = self.args.clone();
         Rc::make_mut(&mut args).push(val);
-        Rc::new(Self {
+        Self {
             let_: self.let_.clone(),
             with: self.with.clone(),
-            last: Some(self),
             args,
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn enter_let(self: Rc<Self>, map: Vec<V>) -> Rc<Self> {
-        Rc::new(Self {
+    pub fn enter_let(&self, map: Vec<V>) -> Self {
+        Self {
             let_: self.let_.clone().enter_let(map),
             with: self.with.clone(),
             args: self.args.clone(),
-            last: Some(self),
-        })
+        }
     }
 
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn enter_with(self: Rc<Self>, map: Rc<HashMap<K, V>>) -> Rc<Self> {
-        Rc::new(Self {
+    pub fn enter_with(&self, map: Rc<HashMap<K, V>>) -> Self {
+        Self {
             let_: self.let_.clone(),
             with: self.with.clone().enter(map),
             args: self.args.clone(),
-            last: Some(self),
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn leave(&self) -> Rc<Self> {
-        self.last.clone().unwrap()
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/eval/jit/helpers.rs b/src/eval/jit/helpers.rs
index 73d87a2..7e69069 100644
--- a/src/eval/jit/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/eval/jit/helpers.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use std::ptr::NonNull;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use inkwell::AddressSpace;
 use inkwell::context::Context;
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue};
 
 use crate::env::VmEnv;
 use crate::eval::Engine;
-use crate::ty::internal::{Thunk, Value};
 
 use super::{JITContext, JITValue, ValueTag, JITValueData};
 
@@ -228,11 +226,8 @@ extern "C" fn helper_debug(value: JITValue) {
     dbg!(value.tag);
 }
 
-extern "C" fn helper_capture_env<'gc>(thunk: JITValue, env: *const VmEnv<'gc>) {
-    let thunk = unsafe { (thunk.data.ptr as *const Thunk).as_ref().unwrap() };
-    let env = unsafe { Rc::from_raw(env) };
-    thunk.capture_env(env.clone());
-    std::mem::forget(env);
+extern "C" fn helper_capture_env(thunk: JITValue, env: *const VmEnv) {
+    todo!()
 }
 
 extern "C" fn helper_neg(rhs: JITValue, _env: *const VmEnv) -> JITValue {
@@ -335,7 +330,7 @@ extern "C" fn helper_or(lhs: JITValue, rhs: JITValue) -> JITValue {
     }
 }
 
-extern "C" fn helper_call<'gc>(func: JITValue, arg: JITValue, engine: *mut Engine) -> JITValue {
+extern "C" fn helper_call(func: JITValue, arg: JITValue, engine: *mut Engine) -> JITValue {
     todo!()
 }
 
@@ -352,15 +347,13 @@ extern "C" fn helper_lookup_let(level: usize, idx: usize, env: *const VmEnv) ->
 }
 
 extern "C" fn helper_lookup(sym: usize, env: *const VmEnv) -> JITValue {
-    let env = unsafe { env.as_ref() }.unwrap();
-    let val: JITValue = env.lookup_with(&sym).unwrap().clone().into();
-    val
+    todo!()
 }
 
-extern "C" fn helper_force<'gc>(
+extern "C" fn helper_force(
     thunk: JITValue,
     vm: NonNull<Engine>,
-    jit: *const JITContext<'gc>,
+    jit: *const JITContext,
 ) -> JITValue {
     if !matches!(thunk.tag, ValueTag::Thunk) {
         return thunk;
diff --git a/src/eval/jit/mod.rs b/src/eval/jit/mod.rs
index fa77dce..f3ae1f0 100644
--- a/src/eval/jit/mod.rs
+++ b/src/eval/jit/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use std::ops::Deref;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use inkwell::OptimizationLevel;
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ use inkwell::execution_engine::ExecutionEngine;
 use inkwell::module::Module;
 
 use crate::env::VmEnv;
-use crate::ty::internal::{Value, Thunk};
+use crate::ty::internal::Value;
 
 mod helpers;
 mod compile;
@@ -51,29 +50,29 @@ pub union JITValueData {
     ptr: *const (),
 }
 
-impl<'gc> From<JITValue> for Value<'gc> {
+impl From<JITValue> for Value {
     fn from(value: JITValue) -> Self {
         use ValueTag::*;
         match value.tag {
             Int => Value::Int(unsafe { value.data.int }),
             Null => Value::Null,
-            Function => Value::Func(unsafe { Rc::from_raw(value.data.ptr as *const _) }),
+            /* Function => Value::Func(unsafe { Rc::from_raw(value.data.ptr as *const _) }),
             Thunk => Value::Thunk(self::Thunk {
                 thunk: unsafe { Rc::from_raw(value.data.ptr as *const _) },
-            }),
+            }), */
             _ => todo!("not implemented for {:?}", value.tag),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Value<'_>> for JITValue {
+impl From<Value> for JITValue {
     fn from(value: Value) -> Self {
         match value {
             Value::Int(int) => JITValue {
                 tag: ValueTag::Int,
                 data: JITValueData { int },
             },
-            Value::Func(func) => JITValue {
+            /* Value::Func(func) => JITValue {
                 tag: ValueTag::Function,
                 data: JITValueData {
                     ptr: Rc::into_raw(func) as *const _,
@@ -84,23 +83,23 @@ impl From<Value<'_>> for JITValue {
                 data: JITValueData {
                     ptr: Rc::into_raw(thunk.thunk) as *const _,
                 },
-            },
+            }, */
             _ => todo!(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub struct JITFunc<'gc>(F<'gc>, PhantomData<&'gc mut ()>);
-type F<'gc> = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const VmEnv<'gc>) -> JITValue;
+pub struct JITFunc<'ctx>(F, PhantomData<&'ctx mut ()>);
+type F = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const VmEnv) -> JITValue;
 
-impl<'gc> From<F<'gc>> for JITFunc<'gc> {
-    fn from(value: F<'gc>) -> Self {
+impl From<F> for JITFunc<'_> {
+    fn from(value: F) -> Self {
         Self(value, PhantomData)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> Deref for JITFunc<'gc> {
-    type Target = F<'gc>;
+impl Deref for JITFunc<'_> {
+    type Target = F;
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.0
     }
diff --git a/src/eval/mod.rs b/src/eval/mod.rs
index 71bdae3..cbbc236 100644
--- a/src/eval/mod.rs
+++ b/src/eval/mod.rs
@@ -1,141 +1,285 @@
-use crate::ty::common::Const;
-use crate::ty::internal::Value;
-use crate::ir::{self, Downgraded};
-use crate::ty::public as p;
-use crate::error::Result;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ecow::EcoVec;
+
 use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::env::VmEnv;
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+use crate::ir::{self, DynamicAttrPair};
+use crate::ty::common::Const;
+use crate::ty::internal::{AttrSet, List, Thunk, ThunkRef, Value};
+use crate::ty::public::Symbol;
 
 pub mod jit;
 
 pub trait Evaluate {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>>;
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value>;
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Attrs {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        let mut attrs = AttrSet::new(
+            self.stcs
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| Ok((k, v.eval(engine, env)?)))
+                .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
+        );
+        for DynamicAttrPair(k, v) in self.dyns {
+            let mut k = k.eval(engine, env)?;
+            k.coerce_to_string();
+            attrs.push_attr(k.unwrap_string(), v.eval(engine, env)?);
+        }
+        Value::AttrSet(attrs.into()).ok()
     }
 }
 
-impl Evaluate for ir::List  {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+impl Evaluate for ir::List {
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        Value::List(List::from(
+            self.items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|val| val.eval(engine, env))
+                .collect::<Result<EcoVec<_>>>()?,
+        ))
+        .ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::HasAttr {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        use ir::Attr::*;
+        let mut val = self.lhs.eval(engine, env)?;
+        val.has_attr(self.rhs.into_iter().map(|attr| {
+            Ok(match attr {
+                Str(ident) => ident,
+                Strs(expr) => expr.eval(engine, env)?.unwrap_string(),
+                Dynamic(expr) => {
+                    let mut val = expr.eval(engine, env)?;
+                    val.coerce_to_string();
+                    val.unwrap_string()
+                }
+            })
+        }))?;
+        val.ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::BinOp {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        use ir::BinOpKind::*;
+        let mut lhs = self.lhs.eval(engine, env)?;
+        let mut rhs = self.rhs.eval(engine, env)?;
+        match self.kind {
+            Add => lhs.add(rhs),
+            Sub => {
+                rhs.neg();
+                lhs.add(rhs);
+            }
+            Mul => lhs.mul(rhs),
+            Div => lhs.div(rhs)?,
+            Eq => Value::eq(&mut lhs, rhs),
+            Neq => {
+                Value::eq(&mut lhs, rhs);
+                lhs.not();
+            }
+            Lt => lhs.lt(rhs),
+            Gt => {
+                rhs.lt(lhs);
+                lhs = rhs;
+            }
+            Leq => {
+                rhs.lt(lhs);
+                rhs.not();
+                lhs = rhs;
+            }
+            Geq => {
+                lhs.lt(rhs);
+                lhs.not();
+            }
+            And => lhs.and(rhs),
+            Or => lhs.or(rhs),
+            Impl => {
+                lhs.not();
+                lhs.or(rhs);
+            }
+            Con => lhs.concat(rhs),
+            Upd => lhs.update(rhs),
+            PipeL => lhs.call(rhs, engine)?,
+            PipeR => {
+                rhs.call(lhs, engine)?;
+                lhs = rhs;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(lhs)
     }
 }
 
-impl Evaluate for ir::UnOp  {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+impl Evaluate for ir::UnOp {
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        use ir::UnOpKind::*;
+        let mut rhs = self.rhs.eval(engine, env)?;
+        match self.kind {
+            Neg => rhs.neg(),
+            Not => rhs.not(),
+        }
+        Ok(rhs)
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Select {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        use ir::Attr::*;
+        let mut val = self.expr.eval(engine, env)?;
+        if let Some(default) = self.default {
+            val.select_with_default(
+                self.attrpath.into_iter().map(|attr| {
+                    Ok(match attr {
+                        Str(ident) => ident,
+                        Strs(expr) => expr.eval(engine, env)?.unwrap_string(),
+                        Dynamic(expr) => {
+                            let mut val = expr.eval(engine, env)?;
+                            val.coerce_to_string();
+                            val.unwrap_string()
+                        }
+                    })
+                }),
+                default.eval(engine, env)?,
+            )?;
+        } else {
+            val.select(self.attrpath.into_iter().map(|attr| {
+                Ok(match attr {
+                    Str(ident) => ident,
+                    Strs(expr) => expr.eval(engine, env)?.unwrap_string(),
+                    Dynamic(expr) => {
+                        let mut val = expr.eval(engine, env)?;
+                        val.coerce_to_string();
+                        val.unwrap_string()
+                    }
+                })
+            }))?;
+        }
+        val.ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::If {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        // TODO: Error Handling
+        let cond = self.cond.eval(engine, env)?.unwrap_bool();
+        if cond {
+            self.consq.eval(engine, env)
+        } else {
+            self.alter.eval(engine, env)
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::LoadFunc {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, _: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        Value::Func(Rc::new(ThunkRef::new(self.idx).into())).ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Call {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        let mut func = self.func.eval(engine, env)?;
+        // FIXME: Modify Value::call
+        for arg in self.args {
+            func.call(arg.eval(engine, env)?, engine)?;
+        }
+        func.ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Let {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        let bindings = self.bindings.into_iter().map(|(_, v)| Ok(v.eval(engine, env)?)).collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+        self.expr.eval(engine, &env.enter_let(bindings))
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::With {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        let namespace = self.namespace.eval(engine, env)?;
+        // TODO: Error Handling
+        self.expr.eval(engine, &env.enter_with(namespace.unwrap_attr_set().into_inner()))
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Assert {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::ConcatStrings {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        let mut parts = self
+            .parts
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|part| {
+                let mut part = part.eval(engine, env)?;
+                part.coerce_to_string();
+                part.ok()
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?
+            .into_iter();
+        let init = parts.next().unwrap();
+        parts
+            .fold(init, |mut a, b| {
+                a.concat_string(b);
+                a
+            })
+            .ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::String {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, _: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        Value::String(self.val).ok()
     }
 }
- 
+
 impl Evaluate for ir::Const {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, _: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, _: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
         match self.val {
             Const::Null => Value::Null,
             Const::Int(x) => Value::Int(x),
             Const::Float(x) => Value::Float(x),
             Const::Bool(x) => Value::Bool(x),
-        }.ok()
+        }
+        .ok()
     }
 }
- 
+
 impl Evaluate for ir::Var {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        env.lookup_with(&self.sym)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::EvalError(format!("{} not found", Symbol::from(self.sym))))
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Arg {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        env.lookup_arg(self.level).clone().ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::LetVar {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        env.lookup_let(self.level, self.idx).clone().ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Thunk {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn eval(self, _: &Engine, _: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        Value::Thunk(Rc::new(Thunk::new(self.idx).into())).ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Evaluate for ir::Path {
-    fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
-            todo!()
+    fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
+        todo!()
     }
 }
-
-pub fn eval(expr: Downgraded) -> Result<p::Value> {
-    todo!()
-}
diff --git a/src/ir/mod.rs b/src/ir/mod.rs
index 442a3fb..551fa17 100644
--- a/src/ir/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ir/mod.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ use rnix::ast::HasEntry;
 use rnix::ast::{self, Expr};
 
 use crate::builtins::ir_env;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::env::VmEnv;
 use crate::error::*;
-use crate::ty::public::Symbol;
+use crate::eval::Evaluate;
+use crate::eval::jit::{JITCompile, JITContext};
 use crate::ty::common as c;
 use crate::ty::internal::Value;
-use crate::eval::jit::{JITContext, JITCompile};
-use crate::eval::Evaluate;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::ty::public::Symbol;
 
 mod utils;
 use utils::*;
@@ -26,8 +27,12 @@ pub fn downgrade(expr: Expr) -> Result<Downgraded> {
     let ir = ir.resolve(&mut ctx, &env)?;
     Ok(Downgraded {
         top_level: ir,
-        thunks: ctx.thunks.into(),
-        funcs: ctx.funcs.into(),
+        func_offset: ctx.thunks.len(),
+        thunks: ctx
+            .thunks
+            .into_iter()
+            .chain(ctx.funcs.into_iter().map(|Func { body, .. }| *body))
+            .collect(),
     })
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +47,7 @@ macro_rules! ir {
         ,*$(,)?
     ) => {
         #[derive(Clone, Debug, IsVariant, Unwrap)]
-                pub enum Ir {
+        pub enum Ir {
             $(
                 $ty($ty),
             )*
@@ -63,16 +68,6 @@ macro_rules! ir {
         }
 
         impl Ir {
-            #[inline]
-            fn boxed(self) -> Box<Self> {
-                Box::new(self)
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn ok(self) -> Result<Self> {
-                Ok(self)
-            }
-
             #[inline]
             fn as_ref(&self) -> IrRef {
                 match self {
@@ -104,9 +99,9 @@ macro_rules! ir {
         }
 
         impl Evaluate for Ir {
-            fn eval<'a>(self, engine: &'a Engine) -> Result<Value<'a>> {
+            fn eval(self, engine: &Engine, env: &VmEnv) -> Result<Value> {
                 match self {
-                    $(Ir::$ty(ir) => ir.eval(engine),)*
+                    $(Ir::$ty(ir) => ir.eval(engine, env),)*
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -158,6 +153,18 @@ ir! {
     Path => { expr: Box<Ir> },
 }
 
+impl Ir {
+    #[inline]
+    fn boxed(self) -> Box<Self> {
+        Box::new(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn ok(self) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Into<c::Const>> From<T> for Const {
     fn from(value: T) -> Self {
         Const { val: value.into() }
@@ -215,7 +222,11 @@ impl<'a, 'env> Env<'a, 'env> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn enter_multi_arg(&'env self, map: HashMap<EcoString, Option<Ir>>, alias: Option<EcoString>) -> Self {
+    fn enter_multi_arg(
+        &'env self,
+        map: HashMap<EcoString, Option<Ir>>,
+        alias: Option<EcoString>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             env: EnvNode::MultiArg(map, alias),
             prev: Some(self),
@@ -301,7 +312,7 @@ impl DowngradeContext {
 pub struct Downgraded {
     pub top_level: Ir,
     pub thunks: Box<[Ir]>,
-    pub funcs: Box<[Func]>,
+    pub func_offset: usize,
 }
 
 impl DowngradeContext {
@@ -362,10 +373,13 @@ impl Attrs {
                             .get_mut(&ident)
                             .unwrap()
                             .as_mut()
-                            .try_unwrap_attrs().map_err(|_| Error::DowngradeError(format!(
+                            .try_unwrap_attrs()
+                            .map_err(|_| {
+                                Error::DowngradeError(format!(
                                     r#"attribute '{}' already defined"#,
                                     Symbol::from(ident)
-                                )))
+                                ))
+                            })
                             .and_then(|attrs: &mut Attrs| attrs._insert(path, name, value, ctx))
                     } else {
                         let mut attrs = Attrs {
@@ -641,7 +655,11 @@ impl Downgrade for ast::Path {
         let parts = self
             .parts()
             .map(|part| match part {
-                ast::InterpolPart::Literal(lit) => String { val: lit.to_string().into() }.ir().ok(),
+                ast::InterpolPart::Literal(lit) => String {
+                    val: lit.to_string().into(),
+                }
+                .ir()
+                .ok(),
                 ast::InterpolPart::Interpolation(interpol) => {
                     interpol.expr().unwrap().downgrade(ctx)
                 }
@@ -706,11 +724,14 @@ impl ConcatStrings {
 }
 
 impl Downgrade for ast::Literal {
-    fn downgrade(self, ctx: &mut DowngradeContext) -> Result<Ir> {
+    fn downgrade(self, _: &mut DowngradeContext) -> Result<Ir> {
         match self.kind() {
             ast::LiteralKind::Integer(int) => Const::from(int.value().unwrap()).ir(),
             ast::LiteralKind::Float(float) => Const::from(float.value().unwrap()).ir(),
-            ast::LiteralKind::Uri(uri) => String { val: uri.to_string().into() }.ir()
+            ast::LiteralKind::Uri(uri) => String {
+                val: uri.to_string().into(),
+            }
+            .ir(),
         }
         .ok()
     }
@@ -729,17 +750,20 @@ impl String {
 }
 
 impl Downgrade for ast::Ident {
-    fn downgrade(self, ctx: &mut DowngradeContext) -> Result<Ir> {
+    fn downgrade(self, _: &mut DowngradeContext) -> Result<Ir> {
         let sym = self.ident_token().unwrap().to_string().into();
         Var { sym }.ir().ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Var {
-    fn resolve<'a, 'env>(self, ctx: &mut DowngradeContext, env: &Env<'a, 'env>) -> Result<Ir> {
+    fn resolve<'a, 'env>(self, _: &mut DowngradeContext, env: &Env<'a, 'env>) -> Result<Ir> {
         use LookupResult::*;
         let Ok(res) = env.lookup(&self.sym) else {
-            return Err(Error::DowngradeError(format!("{} not found", Symbol::from(self.sym))))
+            return Err(Error::DowngradeError(format!(
+                "{} not found",
+                Symbol::from(self.sym)
+            )));
         };
         match res {
             Builtin(ir) => ir,
@@ -1021,14 +1045,22 @@ impl Downgrade for ast::LetIn {
                 }
             }
         }
-        let bindings = bindings.into_iter().sorted_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b)).collect();
+        let bindings = bindings
+            .into_iter()
+            .sorted_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b))
+            .collect();
         Let { bindings, expr }.ir().ok()
     }
 }
 
 impl Let {
     fn resolve<'a, 'env>(self, ctx: &mut DowngradeContext, env: &Env<'a, 'env>) -> Result<Ir> {
-        let map = self.bindings.iter().map(|(sym, _)| sym.clone()).sorted().collect();
+        let map = self
+            .bindings
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(sym, _)| sym.clone())
+            .sorted()
+            .collect();
         let env = env.enter_let(&map);
         let bindings = self
             .bindings
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs b/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
index 3c18f3b..24ff79c 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
@@ -7,74 +7,94 @@ use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+use crate::ty::public::Symbol;
 
 use super::super::public as p;
 use super::Value;
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Constructor, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct AttrSet<'gc> {
-    data: HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>,
+pub struct AttrSet {
+    data: HashMap<EcoString, Value>,
 }
 
-impl<'gc> From<HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>> for AttrSet<'gc> {
-    fn from(data: HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>) -> Self {
+impl From<HashMap<EcoString, Value>> for AttrSet {
+    fn from(data: HashMap<EcoString, Value>) -> Self {
         Self { data }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> Deref for AttrSet<'gc> {
-    type Target = HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>;
+impl Deref for AttrSet {
+    type Target = HashMap<EcoString, Value>;
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
         &self.data
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> AttrSet<'gc> {
+impl AttrSet {
     pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize) -> Self {
         AttrSet {
             data: HashMap::with_capacity(cap),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push_attr_force(&mut self, sym: EcoString, val: Value<'gc>) {
+    pub fn push_attr_force(&mut self, sym: EcoString, val: Value) {
         self.data.insert(sym, val);
     }
 
-    pub fn push_attr(&mut self, sym: EcoString, val: Value<'gc>) {
+    pub fn push_attr(&mut self, sym: EcoString, val: Value) {
         if self.data.get(&sym).is_some() {
             todo!()
         }
         self.data.insert(sym, val);
     }
 
-    pub fn select(&self, sym: &EcoString) -> Option<Value<'gc>> {
-        self.data.get(sym).cloned()
+    pub fn select(&self, mut path: impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = Result<EcoString>>) -> Result<Value> {
+                // .ok_or_else(|| Error::EvalError())),
+        let mut data = &self.data;
+        let last = path.nth_back(0).unwrap();
+        for item in path {
+            let item = item?;
+            let Some(Value::AttrSet(attrs)) =  data.get(&item) else {
+                return Err(Error::EvalError(format!("{} not found", Symbol::from(item))))
+            };
+            data = attrs.as_inner();
+        }
+        let last = last?;
+        data.get(&last).cloned().ok_or_else(|| Error::EvalError(format!("{} not found", Symbol::from(last))))
     }
 
-    pub fn has_attr(&self, sym: &EcoString) -> bool {
-        self.data.get(sym).is_some()
+    pub fn has_attr(&self, path: impl IntoIterator<Item = Result<EcoString>>) -> Result<bool> {
+        let mut data = &self.data;
+        for item in path {
+            let Some(Value::AttrSet(attrs)) =  data.get(&item?) else {
+                return Ok(false)
+            };
+            data = attrs.as_inner();
+        }
+        Ok(true)
     }
 
-    pub fn update(&mut self, other: &AttrSet<'gc>) {
+    pub fn update(&mut self, other: &AttrSet) {
         for (k, v) in other.data.iter() {
             self.push_attr_force(k.clone(), v.clone())
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>> {
+    pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &HashMap<EcoString, Value> {
         &self.data
     }
 
-    pub fn into_inner(self: Rc<Self>) -> Rc<HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>> {
+    pub fn into_inner(self: Rc<Self>) -> Rc<HashMap<EcoString, Value>> {
         unsafe { std::mem::transmute(self) }
     }
 
-    pub fn from_inner(data: HashMap<EcoString, Value<'gc>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_inner(data: HashMap<EcoString, Value>) -> Self {
         Self { data }
     }
 
-    pub fn eq_impl(&self, other: &AttrSet<'gc>) -> bool {
+    pub fn eq_impl(&self, other: &AttrSet) -> bool {
         self.data.iter().len() == other.data.iter().len()
             && std::iter::zip(
                 self.data.iter().sorted_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b)),
@@ -83,7 +103,7 @@ impl<'gc> AttrSet<'gc> {
             .all(|((_, v1), (_, v2))| v1.eq_impl(v2))
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, engine: &'gc Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'gc>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn to_public(&self, engine: &Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value>) -> p::Value {
         p::Value::AttrSet(p::AttrSet::new(
             self.data
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/func.rs b/src/ty/internal/func.rs
index 7240b9e..fa23524 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/func.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/func.rs
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ use crate::env::VmEnv;
 use crate::ir;
 pub struct Func<'gc> {
     pub func: &'gc ir::Func,
-    pub env: Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>,
+    pub env: Rc<VmEnv>,
 }
 
 impl<'gc> Func<'gc> {
-    pub fn new(func: &'gc ir::Func, env: Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(func: &'gc ir::Func, env: Rc<VmEnv>) -> Self {
         Self {
             func,
             env,
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/list.rs b/src/ty/internal/list.rs
index c611a8d..7f1a81f 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/list.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/list.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::rc::Weak;
 
+use ecow::EcoVec;
 use hashbrown::HashSet;
 
 use crate::env::VmEnv;
@@ -9,50 +11,64 @@ use crate::engine::Engine;
 use super::Value;
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct List<'gc> {
-    data: Vec<Value<'gc>>,
+pub struct List {
+    data: EcoVec<Value>,
 }
 
-impl<'gc> Default for List<'gc> {
+impl Default for List {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::new()
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> List<'gc> {
+impl<'gc, T: Into<EcoVec<Value>>> From<T> for List {
+    fn from(value: T) -> Self {
+        Self { data: value.into() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for List {
+    type Target = [Value];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.data
+    }
+}
+
+impl List {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        List { data: Vec::new() }
+        List { data: EcoVec::new() }
     }
 
     pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize) -> Self {
         List {
-            data: Vec::with_capacity(cap),
+            data: EcoVec::with_capacity(cap),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: Value<'gc>) {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: Value) {
         self.data.push(elem);
     }
 
-    pub fn concat(&mut self, other: &List<'gc>) {
+    pub fn concat(&mut self, other: &List) {
         for elem in other.data.iter() {
             self.data.push(elem.clone());
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn capture(&mut self, env: &Weak<VmEnv<'gc>>) {
+    pub fn capture(&mut self, env: &Weak<VmEnv>) {
         self.data.iter().for_each(|v| {
             if let Value::Thunk(ref thunk) = v.clone() {
-                thunk.capture_env_weak(env.clone());
+                todo!()
+                // thunk.capture_env_weak(env.clone());
             }
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn into_inner(self) -> Vec<Value<'gc>> {
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> EcoVec<Value> {
         self.data
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, engine: &'gc Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'gc>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn to_public(&self, engine: &Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value>) -> p::Value {
         p::Value::List(p::List::new(
             self.data
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/mod.rs b/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
index 783563e..55281c7 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use std::sync::RwLock;
 
 use derive_more::{IsVariant, Unwrap};
 use ecow::EcoString;
@@ -21,39 +22,84 @@ mod primop;
 mod string;
 
 pub use attrset::*;
-pub use func::*;
 pub use list::List;
 pub use primop::*;
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum EnvRef {
+    Strong(Rc<VmEnv>),
+    Weak(Weak<VmEnv>)
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ThunkRef {
+    pub idx: usize,
+    pub env: Option<EnvRef>
+}
+
+pub enum Thunk {
+    Expr(ThunkRef),
+    Suspended,
+    Value(Value)
+}
+
+impl Thunk {
+    pub fn new(idx: usize) -> Self {
+        Thunk::Expr(ThunkRef::new(idx))
+    }
+
+    pub fn force(&mut self, engine: &Engine) -> Result<Value> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ThunkRef {
+    pub fn new(idx: usize) -> Self {
+        ThunkRef { idx, env: None }
+    }
+
+    pub fn capture(&mut self, env: EnvRef) {
+        let _ = self.env.insert(env);
+    }
+}
+
+impl EnvRef {
+    pub fn upgrade(&mut self) {
+        if let EnvRef::Weak(weak) = &*self {
+            *self = EnvRef::Strong(weak.upgrade().unwrap())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(IsVariant, Unwrap, Clone)]
-pub enum Value<'gc> {
+pub enum Value {
     Int(i64),
     Float(f64),
     Bool(bool),
     String(EcoString),
     Null,
-    Thunk(Thunk<'gc>),
-    AttrSet(Rc<AttrSet<'gc>>),
-    List(Rc<List<'gc>>),
+    Thunk(Rc<RwLock<Thunk>>),
+    AttrSet(Rc<AttrSet>),
+    List(List),
     Catchable(EcoString),
     PrimOp(Rc<PrimOp>),
-    PartialPrimOp(Rc<PartialPrimOp<'gc>>),
-    Func(Rc<Func<'gc>>),
+    PartialPrimOp(Rc<PartialPrimOp>),
+    Func(Rc<RwLock<ThunkRef>>),
 }
 
-impl Hash for Value<'_> {
+impl Hash for Value {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         use Value::*;
         std::mem::discriminant(self).hash(state);
         match self {
             AttrSet(x) => Rc::as_ptr(x).hash(state),
-            List(x) => Rc::as_ptr(x).hash(state),
+            List(x) => x.as_ptr().hash(state),
             _ => 0.hash(state),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
+impl Value {
     fn eq_impl(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         use Value::*;
         match (self, other) {
@@ -71,37 +117,37 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> PartialEq for Value<'gc> {
+impl PartialEq for Value {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         use Value::*;
         match (self, other) {
             (AttrSet(a), AttrSet(b)) => Rc::as_ptr(a).eq(&Rc::as_ptr(b)),
-            (List(a), List(b)) => Rc::as_ptr(a).eq(&Rc::as_ptr(b)),
+            (List(a), List(b)) => a.as_ptr().eq(&b.as_ptr()),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Eq for Value<'_> {}
+impl Eq for Value {}
 
 #[derive(IsVariant, Unwrap, Clone)]
-pub enum ValueAsRef<'v, 'gc> {
+pub enum ValueAsRef<'v> {
     Int(i64),
     Float(f64),
     Bool(bool),
-    String(&'v str),
+    String(&'v EcoString),
     Null,
-    Thunk(&'v Thunk<'gc>),
-    AttrSet(&'v AttrSet<'gc>),
-    List(&'v List<'gc>),
+    Thunk(&'v RwLock<Thunk>),
+    AttrSet(&'v AttrSet),
+    List(&'v List),
     Catchable(&'v str),
     PrimOp(&'v PrimOp),
-    PartialPrimOp(&'v PartialPrimOp<'gc>),
-    Func(&'v Func<'gc>),
+    PartialPrimOp(&'v PartialPrimOp),
+    Func(&'v RwLock<ThunkRef>),
 }
 
-impl<'gc, 'v> Value<'gc> {
-    pub fn as_ref(&'v self) -> ValueAsRef<'v, 'gc> {
+impl Value {
+    pub fn as_ref(&self) -> ValueAsRef {
         use Value::*;
         use ValueAsRef as R;
         match self {
@@ -120,7 +166,7 @@ impl<'gc, 'v> Value<'gc> {
         }
     }
 }
-impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
+impl Value {
     pub fn ok(self) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(self)
     }
@@ -151,15 +197,15 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn call(&mut self, arg: Self, vm: &Engine) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn call(&mut self, arg: Self, engine: &Engine) -> Result<()> {
         use Value::*;
         if matches!(arg, Value::Catchable(_)) {
             *self = arg;
             return Ok(());
         }
         *self = match self {
-            PrimOp(func) => func.call(arg, vm),
-            PartialPrimOp(func) => func.call(arg, vm),
+            PrimOp(func) => func.call(arg, engine),
+            PartialPrimOp(func) => func.call(arg, engine),
             Catchable(_) => return Ok(()),
             _ => todo!(),
         }?;
@@ -293,7 +339,7 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
 
     pub fn push(&mut self, elem: Self) -> &mut Self {
         if let Value::List(list) = self {
-            Rc::make_mut(list).push(elem);
+            list.push(elem);
         } else if let Value::Catchable(_) = self {
         } else if let Value::Catchable(_) = elem {
             *self = elem;
@@ -310,7 +356,7 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         }
         match (self, other) {
             (Value::List(a), Value::List(b)) => {
-                Rc::make_mut(a).concat(&b);
+                a.concat(&b);
             }
             (Value::Catchable(_), _) => (),
             _ => todo!(),
@@ -343,11 +389,10 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn select(&mut self, sym: &EcoString) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+    pub fn select(&mut self, path: impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = Result<EcoString>>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
         let val = match self {
             Value::AttrSet(attrs) => attrs
-                .select(sym)
-                .ok_or_else(|| Error::EvalError(format!("{} not found", Symbol::from(sym.as_str())))),
+                .select(path),
             Value::Catchable(_) => return Ok(self),
             _ => Err(Error::EvalError(format!(
                 "cannot select from {:?}",
@@ -358,9 +403,9 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn select_with_default(&mut self, sym: &EcoString, default: Self) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+    pub fn select_with_default(&mut self, path: impl DoubleEndedIterator<Item = Result<EcoString>>, default: Self) -> Result<&mut Self> {
         let val = match self {
-            Value::AttrSet(attrs) => attrs.select(sym).unwrap_or(default),
+            Value::AttrSet(attrs) => attrs.select(path).unwrap_or(default),
             Value::Catchable(_) => return Ok(self),
             _ => {
                 return Err(Error::EvalError(format!(
@@ -373,15 +418,15 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn has_attr(&mut self, sym: &EcoString) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn has_attr(&mut self, path: impl IntoIterator<Item = Result<EcoString>>) -> Result<()> {
         if let Value::AttrSet(attrs) = self {
-            let val = Value::Bool(attrs.has_attr(sym));
+            let val = Value::Bool(attrs.has_attr(path)?);
             *self = val;
         } else if let Value::Catchable(_) = self {
         } else {
             *self = Value::Bool(false);
         }
-        self
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn coerce_to_string(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
@@ -393,7 +438,18 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'gc Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'gc>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn force(&mut self, engine: &Engine) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+        if let Value::Thunk(thunk) = &*self {
+            let val = {
+                let mut thunk = thunk.write().unwrap();
+                thunk.force(engine)
+            }?;
+            *self = val;
+        }
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_public(&self, engine: &Engine, seen: &mut HashSet<Value>) -> p::Value {
         use self::Value::*;
         use p::Value;
         if seen.contains(self) {
@@ -402,11 +458,11 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
         match self {
             AttrSet(attrs) => {
                 seen.insert(self.clone());
-                attrs.to_public(vm, seen)
+                attrs.to_public(engine, seen)
             }
             List(list) => {
                 seen.insert(self.clone());
-                list.to_public(vm, seen)
+                list.to_public(engine, seen)
             }
             Catchable(catchable) => Value::Catchable(catchable.clone().into()),
             Int(x) => Value::Const(Const::Int(*x)),
@@ -422,90 +478,3 @@ impl<'gc> Value<'gc> {
     }
 }
 
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Thunk<'gc> {
-    pub thunk: Rc<RefCell<_Thunk<'gc>>>,
-}
-
-// TODO: impl
-type OpCodes = ();
-
-#[derive(IsVariant, Unwrap)]
-pub enum _Thunk<'gc> {
-    Code(&'gc OpCodes, Option<Env<'gc>>),
-    Suspended,
-    Value(Value<'gc>),
-}
-
-#[derive(Unwrap)]
-pub enum Env<'gc> {
-    Strong(Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>),
-    Weak(Weak<VmEnv<'gc>>),
-}
-
-impl Env<'_> {
-    fn upgrade(self) -> Self {
-        if let Self::Weak(weak) = self {
-            Env::Strong(weak.upgrade().unwrap())
-        } else {
-            self
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'gc> Thunk<'gc> {
-    pub fn new(opcodes: &'gc OpCodes) -> Self {
-        Thunk {
-            thunk: RefCell::new(_Thunk::Code(opcodes, None)).into(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn capture_env(&self, env: Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>) {
-        if let _Thunk::Code(_, envcell) = &mut *self.thunk.borrow_mut() {
-            let _ = envcell.insert(Env::Strong(env));
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn capture_env_weak(&self, env: Weak<VmEnv<'gc>>) {
-        if let _Thunk::Code(_, envcell) = &mut *self.thunk.borrow_mut() {
-            let _ = envcell.insert(Env::Weak(env));
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn upgrade(&self) {
-        replace_with_or_abort(&mut *self.thunk.borrow_mut(), |this| {
-            if let _Thunk::Code(opcodes, envcell) = this {
-                _Thunk::Code(opcodes, envcell.map(Env::upgrade))
-            } else {
-                this
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub fn suspend(&self) -> Result<(&'gc OpCodes, Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>)> {
-        use _Thunk::*;
-        match std::mem::replace(&mut *self.thunk.borrow_mut(), _Thunk::Suspended) {
-            Code(opcodes, env) => Ok((opcodes, env.unwrap().upgrade().unwrap_strong())),
-            _ => Err(Error::EvalError("infinite recursion encountered".into())),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert_value(&self, value: Value<'gc>) {
-        *self.thunk.borrow_mut() = _Thunk::Value(value);
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_value(&self) -> Option<&Value<'gc>> {
-        if let _Thunk::Value(val) = unsafe { &*self.thunk.as_ptr() } {
-            Some(val)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq for Thunk<'_> {
-    fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/primop.rs b/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
index 483d678..8337d30 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::Value;
 pub struct PrimOp {
     pub name: &'static str,
     arity: usize,
-    func: for<'gc> fn(Vec<Value<'gc>>, &Engine) -> Result<Value<'gc>>,
+    func: fn(Vec<Value>, &Engine) -> Result<Value>,
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for PrimOp {
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ impl PartialEq for PrimOp {
 }
 
 impl PrimOp {
-    pub fn call<'gc>(&self, arg: Value<'gc>, ctx: &Engine) -> Result<Value<'gc>> {
+    pub fn call(&self, arg: Value, ctx: &Engine) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(self.arity);
         args.push(arg);
         if self.arity > 1 {
@@ -39,21 +39,21 @@ impl PrimOp {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct PartialPrimOp<'gc> {
+pub struct PartialPrimOp {
     pub name: &'static str,
     arity: usize,
-    args: Vec<Value<'gc>>,
-    func: fn(Vec<Value<'gc>>, &Engine) -> Result<Value<'gc>>,
+    args: Vec<Value>,
+    func: fn(Vec<Value>, &Engine) -> Result<Value>,
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for PartialPrimOp<'_> {
+impl PartialEq for PartialPrimOp {
     fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
         false
     }
 }
 
-impl<'gc> PartialPrimOp<'gc> {
-    pub fn call(self: &mut Rc<Self>, arg: Value<'gc>, ctx: &Engine) -> Result<Value<'gc>> {
+impl PartialPrimOp {
+    pub fn call(self: &mut Rc<Self>, arg: Value, ctx: &Engine) -> Result<Value> {
         let func = self.func;
         let Some(ret) = ({
             let self_mut = Rc::make_mut(self);
diff --git a/src/ty/public.rs b/src/ty/public.rs
index 2eb1aec..3111c0b 100644
--- a/src/ty/public.rs
+++ b/src/ty/public.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result as FmtResult};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use derive_more::{Constructor, IsVariant, Unwrap};
 use ecow::EcoString;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl Symbol {
 
 #[derive(Constructor, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct AttrSet {
-    data: HashMap<Symbol, Value>,
+    data: BTreeMap<Symbol, Value>,
 }
 
 impl Debug for AttrSet {
diff --git a/src/vm/mod.rs b/src/vm/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0aa0d17..0000000
--- a/src/vm/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,328 +0,0 @@
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use inkwell::context::Context;
-
-use crate::bytecode::{BinOp, Func as F, OpCode, OpCodes, Program, UnOp};
-use crate::env::VmEnv;
-use crate::error::*;
-use crate::jit::{JITContext, JITFunc};
-use crate::stack::Stack;
-use crate::ty::common::Const;
-use crate::ty::internal::*;
-use crate::ty::public::{self as p, Symbol};
-
-use derive_more::Constructor;
-use ecow::EcoString;
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test;
-
-const STACK_SIZE: usize = 8 * 1024 / size_of::<Value>();
-const COLLECTOR_GRANULARITY: f64 = 1024.0;
-
-struct ContextWrapper(Context);
-
-pub fn run(mut prog: Program) -> Result<p::Value> {
-    let jit = Context::create();
-    prog.thunks.iter_mut().for_each(|code| code.reverse());
-    prog.funcs
-        .iter_mut()
-        .for_each(|F { opcodes, .. }| opcodes.reverse());
-    let vm = VM {
-        thunks: prog.thunks,
-        funcs: prog.funcs,
-        consts: prog.consts,
-        symbols: RefCell::new(prog.symbols),
-        symmap: RefCell::new(prog.symmap),
-        jit: JITContext::new(&jit),
-    };
-    prog.top_level.reverse();
-    Ok(eval(prog.top_level, &vm, VmEnv::new(vec![]))?.to_public(&vm, &mut HashSet::new()))
-}
-
-pub fn eval<'gc>(opcodes: Box<[OpCode]>, vm: &VM<'gc>, env: Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>) -> Result<Value<'gc>> {
-    let mut opcodes = opcodes.into_vec();
-    let mut envs = vec![env];
-    let mut stack = Stack::<_, STACK_SIZE>::new();
-    while let Some(opcode) = opcodes.pop() {
-        let consq = single_op(vm, opcode, &mut stack, envs.last_mut().unwrap())?;
-        match consq {
-            Consq::NoOp => (),
-            Consq::Jmp(step) => opcodes.resize_with(opcodes.len() - step, || unreachable!()),
-            Consq::Force => {
-                let thunk = stack.tos().as_ref().unwrap_thunk();
-                let (code, env) = thunk.suspend()?;
-                opcodes.push(OpCode::InsertValue);
-                opcodes.push(OpCode::PopEnv);
-                opcodes.extend(code);
-                envs.push(env);
-            }
-            Consq::PopEnv => {
-                let _ = envs.pop().unwrap();
-            }
-            Consq::Call => {
-                let arg = stack.pop();
-                let func = stack.pop().unwrap_func();
-                let env = func.env.clone().enter_arg(arg);
-                let count = func.count.get();
-                func.count.set(count + 1);
-                if count > 1 {
-                    let compiled = func.compiled.get_or_init(|| vm.compile_func(func.func));
-                    let ret = unsafe { compiled(env.as_ref() as *const VmEnv) };
-                    stack.push(ret.into())?;
-                } else {
-                    envs.push(env);
-                    opcodes.push(OpCode::PopEnv);
-                    opcodes.extend(&func.func.opcodes);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    stack.pop().ok()
-}
-
-enum Consq {
-    Jmp(usize),
-    Call,
-    Force,
-    PopEnv,
-    NoOp,
-}
-
-#[inline(always)]
-fn single_op<'gc, const CAP: usize>(
-    vm: &VM<'gc>,
-    opcode: OpCode,
-    stack: &mut Stack<Value<'gc>, CAP>,
-    env: &mut Rc<VmEnv<'gc>>,
-) -> Result<Consq> {
-    match opcode {
-        OpCode::Illegal => panic!("illegal opcode"),
-        OpCode::Const { idx } => stack.push(match vm.get_const(idx) {
-            Const::Int(x) => Value::Int(x),
-            Const::Float(x) => Value::Float(x),
-            Const::Bool(x) => Value::Bool(x),
-            Const::String(x) => Value::String(Rc::new(x.into())),
-            Const::Null => Value::Null,
-        })?,
-        OpCode::LoadThunk { idx } => stack.push(Value::Thunk(Thunk::new(vm.get_thunk(idx))))?,
-        OpCode::LoadValue { idx } => {
-            stack.push(Value::Thunk(Thunk::new(vm.get_thunk(idx))))?;
-            stack.tos().as_ref().unwrap_thunk().capture_env(env.clone());
-            return Ok(Consq::Force);
-        }
-        OpCode::CaptureEnv => stack.tos().as_ref().unwrap_thunk().capture_env(env.clone()),
-        OpCode::ForceValue => {
-            if !stack.tos().is_thunk() {
-                return Ok(Consq::NoOp);
-            }
-            let Some(val) = stack.tos().as_ref().unwrap_thunk().get_value() else {
-                return Ok(Consq::Force);
-            };
-            *stack.tos_mut() = val.clone();
-        }
-        OpCode::InsertValue => {
-            let val = stack.pop();
-            stack
-                .tos()
-                .as_ref()
-                .unwrap_thunk()
-                .insert_value(val.clone());
-            *stack.tos_mut() = val;
-        }
-        OpCode::Jmp { step } => return Ok(Consq::Jmp(step)),
-        OpCode::JmpIfFalse { step } => {
-            if let Value::Bool(false) = stack.pop() {
-                return Ok(Consq::Jmp(step));
-            }
-        }
-        OpCode::Call => {
-            let arg = stack.pop();
-            let func = stack.tos_mut();
-            if func.is_func() {
-                let _ = stack.push(arg);
-                return Ok(Consq::Call);
-            }
-            func.call(arg, vm)?;
-        }
-        OpCode::Func { idx } => {
-            let func = vm.get_func(idx);
-            stack.push(Value::Func(Rc::new(Func::new(func, env.clone()))))?;
-        }
-        OpCode::Arg { level } => {
-            stack.push(env.lookup_arg(level).clone())?;
-        }
-        OpCode::UnOp { op } => {
-            use UnOp::*;
-            let value = stack.tos_mut();
-            match op {
-                Neg => value.neg(),
-                Not => value.not(),
-            }
-        }
-        OpCode::BinOp { op } => {
-            use BinOp::*;
-            let mut rhs = stack.pop();
-            let lhs = stack.tos_mut();
-            match op {
-                Add => lhs.add(rhs),
-                Sub => {
-                    rhs.neg();
-                    lhs.add(rhs);
-                }
-                Mul => lhs.mul(rhs),
-                Div => lhs.div(rhs)?,
-                And => lhs.and(rhs),
-                Or => lhs.or(rhs),
-                Eq => Value::eq(lhs, rhs),
-                Lt => lhs.lt(rhs),
-                Con => lhs.concat(rhs),
-                Upd => lhs.update(rhs),
-            }
-        }
-        OpCode::ConcatString => {
-            let rhs = stack.pop();
-            stack.tos_mut().concat_string(rhs);
-        }
-        OpCode::Path => {
-            todo!()
-        }
-        OpCode::List { cap } => {
-            stack.push(Value::List(Rc::new(List::with_capacity(cap))))?;
-        }
-        OpCode::PushElem => {
-            let elem = stack.pop();
-            stack.tos_mut().push(elem);
-        }
-        OpCode::AttrSet { cap } => {
-            stack.push(Value::AttrSet(Rc::new(AttrSet::with_capacity(cap))))?;
-        }
-        OpCode::FinalizeLet => {
-            let mut list = stack.pop().unwrap_list();
-            let map = list.as_ref().clone().into_inner();
-            *env = env.clone().enter_let(map);
-            Rc::make_mut(&mut list).capture(&Rc::downgrade(env));
-        }
-        OpCode::PushStaticAttr { name } => {
-            let val = stack.pop();
-            stack.tos_mut().push_attr(name, val);
-        }
-        OpCode::PushDynamicAttr => {
-            let val = stack.pop();
-            let sym = stack.pop();
-            let sym = vm.new_sym::<&str>(&sym.unwrap_string());
-            stack.tos_mut().push_attr(sym, val);
-        }
-        OpCode::Select { sym } => {
-            stack.tos_mut().select(sym, vm)?;
-        }
-        OpCode::SelectOrDefault { sym } => {
-            let default = stack.pop();
-            stack.tos_mut().select_with_default(sym, default)?;
-        }
-        OpCode::SelectDynamic => {
-            let mut val = stack.pop();
-            val.coerce_to_string();
-            let sym = vm.new_sym::<&str>(&val.unwrap_string());
-            stack.tos_mut().select(sym, vm)?;
-        }
-        OpCode::SelectDynamicOrDefault => {
-            let default = stack.pop();
-            let mut val = stack.pop();
-            val.coerce_to_string();
-            let sym = vm.new_sym::<&str>(&val.unwrap_string());
-            stack.tos_mut().select_with_default(sym, default)?;
-        }
-        OpCode::HasAttr { sym } => {
-            stack.tos_mut().has_attr(sym);
-        }
-        OpCode::HasDynamicAttr => {
-            let mut val = stack.pop();
-            val.coerce_to_string();
-            let sym = vm.new_sym::<&str>(&val.unwrap_string());
-            stack.tos_mut().has_attr(sym);
-        }
-        OpCode::LookUp { sym } => {
-            stack.push(
-                env.lookup_with(&sym)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::EvalError(format!("{} not found", vm.get_sym(sym))))?
-                    .clone(),
-            )?;
-        }
-        OpCode::LookUpLet { level, idx } => {
-            let val = env.lookup_let(level, idx);
-            if let Value::Thunk(thunk) = val {
-                thunk.upgrade();
-            }
-            stack.push(val.clone())?;
-        }
-        OpCode::LeaveEnv => *env = env.leave(),
-        OpCode::EnterWithEnv => {
-            let mut new = HashMap::new();
-            stack
-                .pop()
-                .unwrap_attr_set()
-                .as_inner()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(&k, v)| (k, v.clone()))
-                .collect_into(&mut new);
-            *env = env.clone().enter_with(new.into());
-        }
-        OpCode::PopEnv => return Ok(Consq::PopEnv),
-        OpCode::Assert => {
-            if !stack.pop().unwrap_bool() {
-                todo!()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(Consq::NoOp)
-}
-
-#[derive(Constructor)]
-pub struct VM<'gc> {
-    thunks: Box<[OpCodes]>,
-    funcs: Box<[F]>,
-    symbols: RefCell<Vec<EcoString>>,
-    symmap: RefCell<HashMap<EcoString, usize>>,
-    consts: Box<[Const]>,
-    jit: JITContext<'gc>,
-}
-
-impl<'gc> VM<'gc> {
-    pub fn get_thunk(&self, idx: usize) -> &'gc OpCodes {
-        unsafe { &*(&self.thunks[idx] as *const _) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_func(&self, idx: usize) -> &'gc F {
-        unsafe { &*(&self.funcs[idx] as *const _) }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_sym(&self, idx: usize) -> Symbol {
-        self.symbols.borrow()[idx].clone().into()
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_sym<T: Into<EcoString>>(&self, sym: T) -> usize {
-        let sym = sym.into();
-        if let Some(&idx) = self.symmap.borrow().get(&sym) {
-            idx
-        } else {
-            self.symmap
-                .borrow_mut()
-                .insert(sym.clone(), self.symbols.borrow().len());
-            self.symbols.borrow_mut().push(sym);
-            self.symbols.borrow().len() - 1
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_const(&self, idx: usize) -> Const {
-        self.consts[idx].clone()
-    }
-
-    pub fn compile_func(&self, func: &'gc F) -> JITFunc<'gc> {
-        self.jit
-            .compile_seq(func.opcodes.iter().copied().rev(), self)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/vm/test.rs b/src/vm/test.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 22e854e..0000000
--- a/src/vm/test.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(unused_macros)]
-
-extern crate test;
-
-use hashbrown::HashMap;
-
-use test::{Bencher, black_box};
-
-use ecow::EcoString;
-
-use crate::compile::compile;
-use crate::ir::downgrade;
-use crate::ty::common::Const;
-use crate::ty::public::*;
-
-use super::run;
-
-#[inline]
-fn test_expr(expr: &str, expected: Value) {
-    let downgraded = downgrade(rnix::Root::parse(expr).tree().expr().unwrap()).unwrap();
-    let prog = compile(downgraded);
-    dbg!(&prog);
-    assert_eq!(run(prog).unwrap(), expected);
-}
-
-macro_rules! map {
-    ($($k:expr => $v:expr),*) => {
-        {
-            #[allow(unused_mut)]
-            let mut m = HashMap::new();
-            $(
-                m.insert($k, $v);
-            )*
-            m
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! thunk {
-    () => {
-        Value::Thunk
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! int {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        Value::Const(Const::Int($e))
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! float {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        Value::Const(Const::Float($e as f64))
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! boolean {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        Value::Const(Const::Bool($e))
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! string {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        Value::Const(Const::String(EcoString::from($e)))
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! symbol {
-    ($e:expr) => {
-        Symbol::from($e.to_string())
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! list {
-    ($($x:tt)*) => (
-        Value::List(List::new(vec![$($x)*]))
-    );
-}
-
-macro_rules! attrs {
-    ($($x:tt)*) => (
-        Value::AttrSet(AttrSet::new(map!{$($x)*}))
-    )
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_arith() {
-    test_expr("1", int!(1));
-    test_expr("1.", float!(1));
-    test_expr("-1", int!(-1));
-    test_expr("-1.", float!(-1));
-    test_expr("1 + 1", int!(2));
-    test_expr("1 + 1.", float!(2));
-    test_expr("1. + 1", float!(2));
-    test_expr("1. + 1.", float!(2));
-    test_expr("1 - 1", int!(0));
-    test_expr("1 - 1.", float!(0));
-    test_expr("1. - 1", float!(0));
-    test_expr("1. - 1.", float!(0));
-    test_expr("1 * 1", int!(1));
-    test_expr("1 * 1.", float!(1));
-    test_expr("1. * 1", float!(1));
-    test_expr("1. * 1.", float!(1));
-    test_expr("1 / 1", int!(1));
-    test_expr("1 / 1.", float!(1));
-    test_expr("1. / 1", float!(1));
-    test_expr("1. / 1.", float!(1));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_cmp() {
-    test_expr("1 < 2", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("1 < 1", boolean!(false));
-    test_expr("1 > 0", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("1 > 1", boolean!(false));
-    test_expr("1 <= 1", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("1 <= 0", boolean!(false));
-    test_expr("1 >= 1", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("1 >= 2", boolean!(false));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_string() {
-    test_expr(r#""test""#, string!("test"));
-    test_expr(r#""hello" + " world""#, string!("hello world"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_bool() {
-    test_expr("true", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("false", boolean!(false));
-    test_expr("!false", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("true && false", boolean!(false));
-    test_expr("true || false", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr("true -> false", boolean!(false));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_list() {
-    test_expr(
-        "[ 1 2 3 true ]",
-        list![int!(1), int!(2), int!(3), boolean!(true)],
-    );
-    test_expr(
-        "[ 1 2 ] ++ [ 3 4 ]",
-        list![int!(1), int!(2), int!(3), int!(4)],
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_attrs() {
-    test_expr(
-        "{ a = 1; }",
-        attrs! {
-            symbol!("a") => int!(1)
-        },
-    );
-    test_expr("{ a = 1; }.a", int!(1));
-    test_expr("{ a = 1; }.b or 1", int!(1));
-    test_expr(
-        "{ a = { a = 1; }; }.a",
-        attrs! {
-            symbol!("a") => int!(1)
-        },
-    );
-    test_expr("{ a.b = 1; }.a.b", int!(1));
-    test_expr(
-        "{ a.b = 1; a.c = 2; }",
-        attrs! { symbol!("a") => attrs!{ symbol!("b") => int!(1), symbol!("c") => int!(2) } },
-    );
-    test_expr("{ a.b = 1; } ? a.b", boolean!(true));
-    test_expr(
-        "{ a.b = 1; } // { a.c = 2; }",
-        attrs! { symbol!("a") => attrs!{ symbol!("c") => int!(2) } },
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_if() {
-    test_expr("if true || false then 1 else 2", int!(1));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_with() {
-    test_expr(r#"with { a = 1; }; a"#, int!(1));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_let() {
-    test_expr(r#"let a = 1; in a"#, int!(1));
-    test_expr(r#"let a = 1; b = a; in b"#, int!(1));
-    test_expr(r#"let a = { a = 1; }; b = "a"; in a.${b}"#, int!(1));
-    test_expr(
-        r#"let b = "c"; in { a.b = 1; } // { a."a${b}" = 2; }"#,
-        attrs! { symbol!("a") => attrs!{ symbol!("ac") => int!(2) } },
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_func() {
-    test_expr("(x: x) 1", int!(1));
-    test_expr("(x: x) (x: x) 1", int!(1));
-    test_expr("(x: y: x + y) 1 1", int!(2));
-    test_expr("({ x, y }: x + y) { x = 1; y = 2; }", int!(3));
-    test_expr("({ x, y, ... }: x + y) { x = 1; y = 2; z = 3; }", int!(3));
-    test_expr(
-        "(inputs@{ x, y, ... }: x + inputs.y) { x = 1; y = 2; z = 3; }",
-        int!(3),
-    );
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn test_fib() {
-    test_expr(
-        "let fib = n: if n == 1 || n == 2 then 1 else (fib (n - 1)) + (fib (n - 2)); in fib 30",
-        int!(832040),
-    )
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn bench_fib(b: &mut Bencher) {
-    b.iter(|| {
-        test_expr(
-            "let fib = n: if n == 1 || n == 2 then 1 else (fib (n - 1)) + (fib (n - 2)); in fib 30",
-            int!(832040),
-        );
-        black_box(())
-    })
-}