diff --git a/src/builtins/mod.rs b/src/builtins/mod.rs
index fe16268..939d8d2 100644
--- a/src/builtins/mod.rs
+++ b/src/builtins/mod.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::ty::internal::{AttrSet, PrimOp, Value};
 use crate::ty::common::Const;
 use crate::vm::{Env, VM};
 
-pub fn env<'vm>(vm: &'vm VM) -> Env<'vm> {
+pub fn env<'jit, 'vm>(vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Env<'jit, 'vm> {
     let mut env = Env::empty();
     env.insert(vm.new_sym("true"), Value::Const(Const::Bool(true)));
     env.insert(vm.new_sym("false"), Value::Const(Const::Bool(false)));
diff --git a/src/jit/helpers.rs b/src/jit/helpers.rs
index 9666fdb..eaa93c6 100644
--- a/src/jit/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/jit/helpers.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use inkwell::AddressSpace;
 use inkwell::context::Context;
 use inkwell::execution_engine::ExecutionEngine;
-use inkwell::module::{Linkage, Module};
+use inkwell::module::Module;
 use inkwell::types::{FloatType, FunctionType, IntType, PointerType, StructType};
 use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue};
 
@@ -194,7 +194,9 @@ extern "C" fn helper_add(lhs: JITValue, rhs: JITValue) -> JITValue {
 }
 
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-extern "C" fn helper_call(vm: *const VM<'_>, env: *const Env<'_>, func_ptr: *const (), arg: JITValue) -> JITValue {
+extern "C" fn helper_call<'jit, 'vm>(vm: *const VM<'jit>, env: *const Env<'jit, 'vm>, func_ptr: *const (), arg: JITValue) -> JITValue {
     let func: JITFunc = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(func_ptr) };
-    func(vm, env, arg)
+    unsafe {
+        func(vm, env, arg)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/jit/mod.rs b/src/jit/mod.rs
index 40c7a5b..ffd1c46 100644
--- a/src/jit/mod.rs
+++ b/src/jit/mod.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use inkwell::builder::Builder;
 use inkwell::context::Context;
-use inkwell::execution_engine::ExecutionEngine;
+use inkwell::execution_engine::{ExecutionEngine, JitFunction};
 use inkwell::module::Module;
 use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, PointerValue};
 use inkwell::OptimizationLevel;
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ pub union JITValueData {
     ptr: *const ()
 }
 
-impl<'vm> Into<Value<'vm>> for JITValue {
-    fn into(self) -> Value<'vm> {
+impl<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> Into<Value<'jit, 'vm>> for JITValue {
+    fn into(self) -> Value<'jit, 'vm> {
         use ValueTag::*;
         match self.tag {
             Int => Value::Const(Const::Int(unsafe { self.data.int })),
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ impl<'vm> Into<Value<'vm>> for JITValue {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Value<'_>> for JITValue {
-    fn from(value: Value<'_>) -> Self {
+impl From<Value<'_, '_>> for JITValue {
+    fn from(value: Value<'_, '_>) -> Self {
         match value {
             Value::Const(Const::Int(int)) => JITValue { tag: ValueTag::Int, data: JITValueData { int } },
             _ => todo!()
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl From<Value<'_>> for JITValue {
     }
 }
 
-pub type JITFunc<'vm> = fn(*const VM<'_>, *const Env<'vm>, JITValue) -> JITValue;
+pub type JITFunc<'jit, 'vm> = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const VM<'jit>, *const Env<'jit, 'vm>, JITValue) -> JITValue;
 
 pub struct JITContext<'ctx> {
     context: &'ctx Context,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'vm, 'ctx: 'vm> JITContext<'ctx> {
         self.builder.build_int_to_ptr(self.helpers.int_type.const_int(ptr as _, false), self.helpers.ptr_type, "ptrconv").unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub fn compile_function(&self, func: &Func, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<&'vm JITFunc> {
+    pub fn compile_function(&self, func: &Func, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<JitFunction<'ctx, JITFunc<'ctx, 'vm>>> {
         let mut stack = Stack::<_, STACK_SIZE>::new();
         let mut iter = func.opcodes.iter().copied();
         let func_ = self.module.add_function("nixjit_function", self.helpers.func_type, None);
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ impl<'vm, 'ctx: 'vm> JITContext<'ctx> {
             func_.print_to_stderr();
             unsafe {
                 let name = func_.get_name().to_str().unwrap();
-                let addr = self.execution_engine.get_function_address(name).unwrap();
-                Ok(std::mem::transmute(addr))
+                let addr = self.execution_engine.get_function(name).unwrap();
+                Ok(addr)
             }
         } else {
             todo!()
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs b/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
index 88e1d02..9925727 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/attrset.rs
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ use super::Value;
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Debug, Constructor, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct AttrSet<'vm> {
-    data: HashMap<usize, Value<'vm>>,
+pub struct AttrSet<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
+    data: HashMap<usize, Value<'jit, 'vm>>,
 }
 
-impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
+impl<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> AttrSet<'jit, 'vm> {
     pub fn empty() -> Self {
         AttrSet {
             data: HashMap::new(),
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push_attr_force(&mut self, sym: usize, val: Value<'vm>) {
+    pub fn push_attr_force(&mut self, sym: usize, val: Value<'jit, 'vm>) {
         self.data.insert(sym, val);
     }
 
-    pub fn push_attr(&mut self, sym: usize, val: Value<'vm>) {
+    pub fn push_attr(&mut self, sym: usize, val: Value<'jit, 'vm>) {
         if self.data.get(&sym).is_some() {
             todo!()
         }
         self.data.insert(sym, val);
     }
 
-    pub fn select(&self, sym: usize) -> Option<Value<'vm>> {
+    pub fn select(&self, sym: usize) -> Option<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         self.data.get(&sym).cloned()
     }
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
         self.data.get(&sym).is_some()
     }
 
-    pub fn capture(&mut self, env: &Env<'vm>) {
+    pub fn capture(&mut self, env: &Env<'jit, 'vm>) {
         self.data.iter().for_each(|(_, v)| match v.clone() {
             Value::Thunk(ref thunk) => {
                 thunk.capture(env.clone());
@@ -56,21 +56,21 @@ impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn update(&mut self, other: &AttrSet<'vm>) {
+    pub fn update(&mut self, other: &AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>) {
         for (k, v) in other.data.iter() {
             self.push_attr_force(k.clone(), v.clone())
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &HashMap<usize, Value<'vm>> {
+    pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &HashMap<usize, Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         &self.data
     }
 
-    pub fn from_inner(data: HashMap<usize, Value<'vm>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_inner(data: HashMap<usize, Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Self {
         Self { data }
     }
 
-    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<()> {
         let mut map: Vec<_> = self
             .data
             .iter()
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn eq_impl(&self, other: &AttrSet<'vm>, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> bool {
+    pub fn eq_impl(&self, other: &AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> bool {
         self.data.iter().len() == other.data.iter().len()
             && std::iter::zip(
                 self.data.iter().sorted_by_key(|(k, _)| **k),
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl<'vm> AttrSet<'vm> {
             .all(|((_, v1), (_, v2))| v1.eq_impl(v2, vm))
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'vm>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> p::Value {
         p::Value::AttrSet(p::AttrSet::new(
             self.data
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/func.rs b/src/ty/internal/func.rs
index c996867..9998b5a 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/func.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/func.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::cell::{Cell, OnceCell};
 
+use inkwell::execution_engine::JitFunction;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use derive_more::Constructor;
 
@@ -41,21 +42,21 @@ impl From<ir::Param> for Param {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Constructor)]
-pub struct Func<'vm> {
+pub struct Func<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
     pub func: &'vm BFunc,
-    pub env: Env<'vm>,
-    pub compiled: OnceCell<&'vm JITFunc<'vm>>,
+    pub env: Env<'jit, 'vm>,
+    pub compiled: OnceCell<JitFunction<'jit, JITFunc<'jit, 'vm>>>,
     pub count: Cell<usize>
 }
 
-impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> Func<'vm> {
-    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>, arg: Value<'vm>) -> Result<Value<'vm>> {
+impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> Func<'jit, 'vm> {
+    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>, arg: Value<'jit, 'vm>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         use Param::*;
 
         let count = self.count.get();
         if count >= 1 {
             let compiled = self.compiled.get_or_init(|| vm.compile_func(self.func));
-            let ret = compiled(vm as _, &self.env as _, arg.into());
+            let ret = unsafe { compiled.call(vm as _, &self.env as _, arg.into()) };
             return Ok(ret.into())
         }
         self.count.replace(count + 1);
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> Func<'vm> {
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for Func<'_> {
+impl PartialEq for Func<'_, '_> {
     fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
         false
     }
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/list.rs b/src/ty/internal/list.rs
index ae19421..61ccd88 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/list.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/list.rs
@@ -10,28 +10,28 @@ use crate::vm::VM;
 use super::Value;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Constructor, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct List<'vm> {
-    data: Vector<Value<'vm>>,
+pub struct List<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
+    data: Vector<Value<'jit, 'vm>>,
 }
 
-impl<'vm> List<'vm> {
+impl<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> List<'jit, 'vm> {
     pub fn empty() -> Self {
         List {
             data: Vector::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: Value<'vm>) {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: Value<'jit, 'vm>) {
         self.data.push_back_mut(elem);
     }
 
-    pub fn concat(&mut self, other: &List<'vm>) {
+    pub fn concat(&mut self, other: &List<'jit, 'vm>) {
         for elem in other.data.iter() {
             self.data.push_back_mut(elem.clone());
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<()> {
         let mut vec: Vec<_> = self.data.iter().cloned().collect();
         for v in vec.iter_mut() {
             v.force_deep(vm)?;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<'vm> List<'vm> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'vm>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> p::Value {
         p::Value::List(p::List::new(
             self.data
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/mod.rs b/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
index 1744d34..fc475f6 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/mod.rs
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@ pub use list::List;
 pub use primop::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug, IsVariant, Unwrap, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Value<'vm> {
+pub enum Value<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
     Const(Const),
-    Thunk(Rc<Thunk<'vm>>),
-    ThunkRef(&'vm Thunk<'vm>),
-    AttrSet(Rc<AttrSet<'vm>>),
-    List(Rc<List<'vm>>),
+    Thunk(Rc<Thunk<'jit, 'vm>>),
+    ThunkRef(&'vm Thunk<'jit, 'vm>),
+    AttrSet(Rc<AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>>),
+    List(Rc<List<'jit, 'vm>>),
     Catchable(Catchable),
-    PrimOp(Rc<PrimOp<'vm>>),
-    PartialPrimOp(Rc<PartialPrimOp<'vm>>),
-    Func(Rc<Func<'vm>>),
+    PrimOp(Rc<PrimOp<'jit, 'vm>>),
+    PartialPrimOp(Rc<PartialPrimOp<'jit, 'vm>>),
+    Func(Rc<Func<'jit, 'vm>>),
     Builtins,
 }
 
-impl Hash for Value<'_> {
+impl Hash for Value<'_, '_> {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         use Value::*;
         std::mem::discriminant(self).hash(state);
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ impl Hash for Value<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
-    fn eq_impl(&self, other: &Self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> bool {
+impl<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> Value<'jit, 'vm> {
+    fn eq_impl(&self, other: &Self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> bool {
         use Value::*;
         match (self, other) {
             (Const(a), Const(b)) => a.eq(b),
@@ -71,34 +71,34 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Eq for Value<'_> {}
+impl Eq for Value<'_, '_> {}
 
 #[derive(Debug, IsVariant, Unwrap, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ValueAsRef<'v, 'vm: 'v> {
+pub enum ValueAsRef<'v, 'vm: 'v, 'jit: 'vm> {
     Const(&'v Const),
-    Thunk(&'v Thunk<'vm>),
-    AttrSet(&'v AttrSet<'vm>),
-    List(&'v List<'vm>),
+    Thunk(&'v Thunk<'jit, 'vm>),
+    AttrSet(&'v AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>),
+    List(&'v List<'jit, 'vm>),
     Catchable(&'v Catchable),
-    PrimOp(&'v PrimOp<'vm>),
-    PartialPrimOp(&'v PartialPrimOp<'vm>),
-    Func(&'v Func<'vm>),
+    PrimOp(&'v PrimOp<'jit, 'vm>),
+    PartialPrimOp(&'v PartialPrimOp<'jit, 'vm>),
+    Func(&'v Func<'jit, 'vm>),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, IsVariant, Unwrap, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ValueAsMut<'v, 'vm: 'v> {
+pub enum ValueAsMut<'v, 'vm: 'v, 'jit: 'vm> {
     Const(&'v mut Const),
-    Thunk(&'v Thunk<'vm>),
-    AttrSet(&'v mut AttrSet<'vm>),
-    List(&'v mut List<'vm>),
+    Thunk(&'v Thunk<'jit, 'vm>),
+    AttrSet(&'v mut AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>),
+    List(&'v mut List<'jit, 'vm>),
     Catchable(&'v mut Catchable),
-    PrimOp(&'v mut PrimOp<'vm>),
-    PartialPrimOp(&'v mut PartialPrimOp<'vm>),
-    Func(&'v Func<'vm>),
+    PrimOp(&'v mut PrimOp<'jit, 'vm>),
+    PartialPrimOp(&'v mut PartialPrimOp<'jit, 'vm>),
+    Func(&'v Func<'jit, 'vm>),
 }
 
-impl<'v, 'vm: 'v> Value<'vm> {
-    pub fn as_ref(&'v self) -> ValueAsRef<'v, 'vm> {
+impl<'v, 'vm: 'v, 'jit: 'vm> Value<'jit, 'vm> {
+    pub fn as_ref(&'v self) -> ValueAsRef<'v, 'vm, 'jit> {
         use Value::*;
         use ValueAsRef as R;
         match self {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl<'v, 'vm: 'v> Value<'vm> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn as_mut(&'v mut self) -> ValueAsMut<'v, 'vm> {
+    pub fn as_mut(&'v mut self) -> ValueAsMut<'v, 'vm, 'jit> {
         use Value::*;
         use ValueAsMut as M;
         match self {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl<'v, 'vm: 'v> Value<'vm> {
 }
 
 use Value::Const as VmConst;
-impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
+impl<'jit, 'vm> Value<'jit, 'vm> {
     pub fn ok(self) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(self)
     }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>, args: Vec<Self>) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>, args: Vec<Self>) -> Result<Self> {
         use Value::*;
         match self {
             PrimOp(func) => func.call(vm, args),
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn eq(self, other: Self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Self {
+    pub fn eq(self, other: Self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Self {
         use Const::Bool;
         match (self, other) {
             (x @ Value::Catchable(_), _) | (_, x @ Value::Catchable(_)) => x,
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn select(&mut self, sym: usize, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+    pub fn select(&mut self, sym: usize, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
         let val = match self {
             Value::AttrSet(attrs) => attrs
                 .select(sym)
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn force(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+    pub fn force(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
         if let Value::Thunk(thunk) = self {
             let value = thunk.force(vm)?;
             *self = value
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
+    pub fn force_deep(&mut self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<&mut Self> {
         match self {
             Value::Thunk(thunk) => {
                 let mut value = thunk.force(vm)?;
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
-    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'vm>>) -> p::Value {
+    pub fn to_public(&self, vm: &'vm VM, seen: &mut HashSet<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> p::Value {
         use self::Value::*;
         use p::Value;
         if seen.contains(self) {
@@ -458,31 +458,31 @@ impl<'vm> Value<'vm> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct Thunk<'vm> {
-    pub thunk: RefCell<_Thunk<'vm>>,
+pub struct Thunk<'jit, 'vm> {
+    pub thunk: RefCell<_Thunk<'jit, 'vm>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, IsVariant, Unwrap, Clone)]
-pub enum _Thunk<'vm> {
-    Code(&'vm OpCodes, OnceCell<Env<'vm>>),
-    SuspendedFrom(*const Thunk<'vm>),
-    Value(Value<'vm>),
+pub enum _Thunk<'jit, 'vm> {
+    Code(&'vm OpCodes, OnceCell<Env<'jit, 'vm>>),
+    SuspendedFrom(*const Thunk<'jit, 'vm>),
+    Value(Value<'jit, 'vm>),
 }
 
-impl<'vm> Thunk<'vm> {
+impl<'jit, 'vm> Thunk<'jit, 'vm> {
     pub fn new(opcodes: &'vm OpCodes) -> Self {
         Thunk {
             thunk: RefCell::new(_Thunk::Code(opcodes, OnceCell::new())),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn capture(&self, env: Env<'vm>) {
+    pub fn capture(&self, env: Env<'jit, 'vm>) {
         if let _Thunk::Code(_, envcell) = &*self.thunk.borrow() {
             envcell.get_or_init(|| env);
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn force(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>) -> Result<Value<'vm>> {
+    pub fn force(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         match &*self.thunk.borrow() {
             _Thunk::Value(value) => return Ok(value.clone()),
             _Thunk::SuspendedFrom(from) => {
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ impl<'vm> Thunk<'vm> {
         Ok(value)
     }
 
-    pub fn value(&'vm self) -> Option<Value<'vm>> {
+    pub fn value(&'vm self) -> Option<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         match &*self.thunk.borrow() {
             _Thunk::Value(value) => Some(value.clone()),
             _ => None,
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ impl<'vm> Thunk<'vm> {
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for Thunk<'_> {
+impl PartialEq for Thunk<'_, '_> {
     fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
         false
     }
diff --git a/src/ty/internal/primop.rs b/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
index c3041dc..5145590 100644
--- a/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
+++ b/src/ty/internal/primop.rs
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ use crate::vm::VM;
 use super::Value;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Constructor)]
-pub struct PrimOp<'vm> {
+pub struct PrimOp<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
     pub name: &'static str,
     arity: usize,
-    func: fn(&'vm VM<'_>, Vec<Value<'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'vm>>,
+    func: fn(&'vm VM<'jit>, Vec<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>>,
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for PrimOp<'_> {
+impl PartialEq for PrimOp<'_, '_> {
     fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
         false
     }
 }
 
-impl<'vm> PrimOp<'vm> {
-    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'_>, args: Vec<Value<'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'vm>> {
+impl<'jit, 'vm> PrimOp<'jit, 'vm> {
+    pub fn call(&self, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>, args: Vec<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         if (args.len()) < self.arity {
             Value::PartialPrimOp(
                 PartialPrimOp {
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ impl<'vm> PrimOp<'vm> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct PartialPrimOp<'vm> {
+pub struct PartialPrimOp<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> {
     pub name: &'static str,
     arity: usize,
-    args: Vec<Value<'vm>>,
-    func: fn(&'vm VM<'_>, Vec<Value<'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'vm>>,
+    args: Vec<Value<'jit, 'vm>>,
+    func: fn(&'vm VM<'jit>, Vec<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>>,
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for PartialPrimOp<'_> {
+impl PartialEq for PartialPrimOp<'_, '_> {
     fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
         false
     }
 }
 
-impl<'vm> PartialPrimOp<'vm> {
-    pub fn call(self: &Rc<Self>, vm: &'vm VM<'_>, args: Vec<Value<'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'vm>> {
+impl<'jit: 'vm, 'vm> PartialPrimOp<'jit, 'vm> {
+    pub fn call(self: &Rc<Self>, vm: &'vm VM<'jit>, args: Vec<Value<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         let len = args.len();
         let mut self_clone = self.clone();
         let self_mut = Rc::make_mut(&mut self_clone);
diff --git a/src/vm/env.rs b/src/vm/env.rs
index 15c02d7..6f711b8 100644
--- a/src/vm/env.rs
+++ b/src/vm/env.rs
@@ -4,28 +4,28 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use crate::ty::internal::{AttrSet, Value};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
-pub struct Env<'vm> {
-    last: Option<Rc<Env<'vm>>>,
-    map: Rc<HashMap<usize, Value<'vm>>>,
+pub struct Env<'jit, 'vm> {
+    last: Option<Rc<Env<'jit, 'vm>>>,
+    map: Rc<HashMap<usize, Value<'jit, 'vm>>>,
 }
 
-impl<'vm> Env<'vm> {
+impl<'jit, 'vm> Env<'jit, 'vm> {
     pub fn empty() -> Self {
         Env::default()
     }
 
-    pub fn lookup(&self, symbol: usize) -> Option<Value<'vm>> {
+    pub fn lookup(&self, symbol: usize) -> Option<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         if let Some(val) = self.map.get(&symbol).cloned() {
             return Some(val);
         }
         self.last.as_ref().map(|env| env.lookup(symbol)).flatten()
     }
 
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, symbol: usize, value: Value<'vm>) {
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, symbol: usize, value: Value<'jit, 'vm>) {
         Rc::make_mut(&mut self.map).insert(symbol, value);
     }
 
-    pub fn enter(self, new: impl Iterator<Item = (usize, Value<'vm>)>) -> Self {
+    pub fn enter(self, new: impl Iterator<Item = (usize, Value<'jit, 'vm>)>) -> Self {
         let map = Rc::new(new.collect());
         let last = Some(
             Env {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl<'vm> Env<'vm> {
         Env { last, map }
     }
 
-    pub fn enter_with(self, new: Rc<AttrSet<'vm>>) -> Self {
+    pub fn enter_with(self, new: Rc<AttrSet<'jit, 'vm>>) -> Self {
         let map = Rc::new(
             new.as_inner()
                 .iter()
diff --git a/src/vm/mod.rs b/src/vm/mod.rs
index b666f0d..6724004 100644
--- a/src/vm/mod.rs
+++ b/src/vm/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use inkwell::execution_engine::JitFunction;
 use std::cell::{Cell, OnceCell, RefCell};
 
 use crate::builtins::env;
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> VM<'jit> {
     pub fn eval(
         &'vm self,
         opcodes: impl Iterator<Item = OpCode>,
-        mut env: Env<'vm>,
-    ) -> Result<Value<'vm>> {
+        mut env: Env<'jit, 'vm>,
+    ) -> Result<Value<'jit, 'vm>> {
         let mut stack = Stack::<_, STACK_SIZE>::new();
         let mut iter = opcodes.into_iter();
         while let Some(opcode) = iter.next() {
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> VM<'jit> {
     fn single_op<'s, const CAP: usize>(
         &'vm self,
         opcode: OpCode,
-        stack: &'s mut Stack<Value<'vm>, CAP>,
-        env: &mut Env<'vm>,
+        stack: &'s mut Stack<Value<'jit, 'vm>, CAP>,
+        env: &mut Env<'jit, 'vm>,
     ) -> Result<usize> {
         match opcode {
             OpCode::Illegal => panic!("illegal opcode"),
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ impl<'vm, 'jit: 'vm> VM<'jit> {
         Ok(0)
     }
 
-    pub fn compile_func(&'vm self, func: &'vm F) -> &'vm JITFunc<'vm> {
+    pub fn compile_func(&'vm self, func: &'vm F) -> JitFunction<'jit, JITFunc<'jit, 'vm>> {
         self.jit.compile_function(func, self).unwrap()
     }
 }